This research aimed to select the well-adapted wheat cultivar and to explore an optimum nutrient control pattern for wheat cultivation in the 180-day integrated experiment of controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). In the experiment, six wheat cultivars from different areas of China were preselected and cultivated in four separate recirculating hydroponic systems (HySy), nutrients in which could be controlled and recycled according the values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Wheat covered an area of 111.3 m² and had been planted in 17 batches with a 15-day time interval to realize stable regeneration of oxygen, water and food during the 180-day duration in the closed cabin. The results indicated that different cultivars displayed different adaptabilities to the controlled environment. Wt04 had a stronger adaptability with the highest yield (12.82 g DM m⁻² d⁻¹) and edible radiation use efficiency (RUE) (0.28 g DM mol⁻¹) whereas Wt06 adapted this environment poorly because of its excessive vegetative growth. For the morphological characters, wheat plants tended to dwarf in the CELSS environment compared with the field. An innovative controlling pattern was established for nutrient supplement. Through the real-time monitoring of pH, EC and DO of the nutrient solution and the periodical detection of the contents of nutrient elements, the nutrient solution could be controlled and recycled continuously without being renewed under a suitable state for wheat plants growth during the 180-day integrated experiment.