Abstract Hybrid off-road vehicles generally use an engine and an energy storage system (e.g., ultracapacitor) as the power sources for propulsion. By optimally splitting power demand to different actuators (i.e., electric motors), fuel economy can be improved greatly. Thus, the control strategies of hybrid vehicles play an important role in fuel savings. While many optimal control strategies have been proposed, two major concerns present themselves: the need for prior knowledge of future driving conditions and the slow computation speed. In this paper, a novel near-optimal power management strategy, called efficiency-based evaluation real time control strategy (EERCS), is developed to rapidly obtain near-optimal fuel economy. We formulate the normalized efficiency of power flow as the criterion. By maintaining high system efficiency under all conditions, the controller can obtain near-optimal fuel economy with no need for prior knowledge. To validate the control effect, the proposed novel controller is compared with dynamic programming (DP) and power-weighted efficiency analysis for rapid sizing (PEARS+). A complex multi-mode power-split hybrid track-type dozer is selected for the case study. Simulation results show that the new power management strategy produces results similar to those of DP and PEARS+ together, with a faster computation speed. Two distributed drive cycles are used to verify the robustness of EERCS. The resulting control law can also be applied online as a static mapping function of the powertrain state. The proposed novel strategy is also a promising control tool that can be extended to other types of hybrid electric vehicles.

中文翻译：

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一种新型混合动力越野车电源管理策略

摘要 混合动力越野车一般采用发动机和储能系统（如超级电容器）作为推进动力源。通过最佳地将动力需求分配给不同的执行器（即电动机），可以大大提高燃油经济性。因此，混合动力汽车的控制策略在节省燃料方面发挥着重要作用。虽然已经提出了许多最佳控制策略，但存在两个主要问题：需要对未来驾驶条件的先验知识和缓慢的计算速度。在本文中，开发了一种新的接近最优的功率管理策略，称为基于效率的评估实时控制策略（EEERCS），以快速获得接近最优的燃油经济性。我们制定了潮流的归一化效率作为标准。通过在所有条件下保持高系统效率，控制器无需先验知识即可获得接近最佳的燃油经济性。为了验证控制效果，将所提出的新型控制器与动态规划 (DP) 和功率加权效率分析 (PEARS+) 进行了比较。案例研究选择了复杂的多模式动力分流混合履带式推土机。仿真结果表明，新的电源管理策略产生的结果与DP和PEARS+相近，计算速度更快。两个分布式驱动循环用于验证 EERCS 的稳健性。由此产生的控制律也可以作为动力系统状态的静态映射函数在线应用。