Histamine is a chemical mediator, released predominantly by tissue mast cells, circulating basophils, and neurons, which are activated in response to various immunological and non-immunological stimuli. Histamine has to bind to specific receptors to exert its physiological and pathophysiological functions. Endogenous histamine is the main mediator of the immediate allergic response, which moreover, performs other multiple functions, including regulation of gastric secretion, neurotransmission in the central nervous system, and immunomodulatory activity. The involvement of histamine in various disorders and the importance of receptors in the clinical features have relevant implications in clinical practice. Anti-H1 antihistamines contrast the histamine-dependent effects, mainly concerning nasal symptoms and cutaneous itching and wheal. Antihistamines are among the most prescribed drugs in pediatric care. This review updates the practical use of antihistamines in children and adolescents.

组胺是一种化学介质，主要由组织肥大细胞、循环嗜碱性粒细胞和神经元释放，它们在响应各种免疫和非免疫刺激时被激活。组胺必须与特定受体结合才能发挥其生理和病理生理功能。内源性组胺是即刻过敏反应的主要介质，此外，它还具有其他多种功能，包括调节胃液分泌、中枢神经系统的神经传递和免疫调节活性。组胺在各种疾病中的参与以及受体在临床特征中的重要性在临床实践中具有相关意义。Anti-H1 抗组胺药与组胺依赖性作用形成对比，主要涉及鼻部症状和皮肤瘙痒和风团。抗组胺药是儿科护理中最常用的药物之一。本综述更新了抗组胺药在儿童和青少年中的实际应用。