The conservation of seed germplasm is one of the most important ways to maintain the genetic variability of genetic resources, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). These two species are fundamental for the food security and agribusiness of many countries, including Brazil. The efficient use of germplasm depends on the maintenance of the germination potential and the genetic integrity of conserved accessions. The objective of the present study was to analyze the genetic integrity of rice and bean accessions that have been maintained in long term conservation conditions. Six and four samples of two rice and bean accessions, respectively, were analyzed. Each sample was added to the collection in different years. First count, germination and germination speed index tests were carried out to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds samples. Cytogenetic tests and comet assay were performed to evaluate the genetic integrity of the different samples. Significant differences were not observed among the samples of the two species in the cytogenetic tests. Eight of the 10 samples analyzed maintained high physiological quality after prolonged storage and presented acceptable levels of DNA damage (> 20%) in the comet assay. Evidences of DNA repair were detected in one sample. Data showed comet assay has potential to evaluate genetic integrity and DNA repair system in long term conserved seeds.

种子种质的保存是维持遗传资源（例如水稻（Oryza sativa L.）和豆类（菜豆）的遗传变异的最重要方法之一）L.）。这两个物种对于包括巴西在内的许多国家的粮食安全和农业综合企业至关重要。种质的有效利用取决于发芽潜力的维持和保守种质的遗传完整性。本研究的目的是分析长期保存条件下维持的水稻和豆类的遗传完整性。分别分析了两个水稻和大豆种质的六个和四个样品。每个样本在不同的年份被添加到集合中。进行第一次计数，发芽和发芽速度指数测试以评估种子样品的生理质量。进行了细胞遗传学测试和彗星分析，以评估不同样品的遗传完整性。在细胞遗传学测试中，两个物种的样品之间未观察到显着差异。经过分析的10个样品中有8个在长时间存放后保持了较高的生理品质，并且在彗星试验中显示出可接受的DNA损伤水平（> 20％）。在一个样品中检测到DNA修复的证据。数据显示，彗星试验有潜力评估长期保存的种子的遗传完整性和DNA修复系统。