AIM To evaluate the relationship between systemic administration of probiotics and inflammation/resorption processes associated with apical periodontitis (AP) in a rat model. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four male Wistar rats were used. AP was induced in the mandibular left/right first molars. The animals were arranged into three groups: Control, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. acidophilus. Probiotics were orally administered via gavage (109 colony-forming units (CFU) diluted in 5 mL of water) for 30 days during the development of AP. On the 30th day, blood was collected to analyse the calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in plasma. Then, the animals were euthanized and the jaws removed for micro-computed tomography and immune-histopathological analysis for receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). After the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality, the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test was performed for nonparametric data, and analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test was performed for parametric data (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma amongst the groups (P > 0.05). The level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). A significantly lower volume of bone resorption was observed in groups that consumed probiotics (P < 0.05). The inflammatory infiltrates and the immunolabelling for RANKL and TRAP were significantly lower in probiotic groups when compared to the control (P < 0.05). Also, the OPG was significantly more immunolabelled in the L. acidophilus group than in the L. rhamnosus and control groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Probiotic supplementation through gavage (L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus) had a significant effect on the reduction of inflammation and bone resorption in apical periodontitis development in rats.

中文翻译：

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在大鼠中饮食补充益生菌引起的根尖性牙周炎的骨吸收和炎症减少。

目的评估益生菌的全身性给药与大鼠模型中与根尖性牙周炎（AP）相关的炎症/吸收过程之间的关系。方法使用24只雄性Wistar大鼠。在下颌左/右第一磨牙中诱发AP。将动物分为三组：对照，鼠李糖乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌。在AP发生期间，通过管饲法（在5 mL水中稀释的109个菌落形成单位（CFU））口服益生菌30天。在第30天，收集血液以分析血浆中的钙，磷和碱性磷酸酶浓度。然后，对动物实施安乐死并取下颌，以进行微计算机断层扫描，并对NF-κB配体的受体激活剂（RANKL）进行免疫组织病理学分析，骨保护素（OPG）和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）。在对Shapiro-Wilk进行正态检验后，对非参数数据执行Kruskal-Wallis，然后进行Dunn检验，对参数数据进行方差分析，然后进行Tukey检验（P <0.05）。结果各组血浆中钙和磷水平无显着差异（P> 0.05）。食用益生菌的组中碱性磷酸酶水平显着更高（P <0.05）。食用益生菌的组的骨吸收量显着降低（P <0.05）。与对照组相比，益生菌组的炎性浸润和RANKL和TRAP的免疫标记显着降低（P <0.05）。也，与鼠李糖乳杆菌和对照组相比，嗜酸乳杆菌组中OPG的免疫标记明显更多（P <0.05）。结论通过管饲法补充益生菌（鼠李糖乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌）对减少大鼠根尖周炎发展中的炎症和骨吸收具有显著作用。