Butachlor is a chloroacetamide pre-emergence herbicide, with a half-life of 1.6 to 29 days. It is a suspected carcinogen, genotoxin, neurotoxin and persists in the environment having toxic effect on living systems. Butachlor degrading bacterial strain A16 was isolated from coal tar contaminated soil, which showed 99.38% similarity with Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2bT as revealed by 16S rRNA analysis. B. altitudinis strain A16 utilised butachlor as a sole source of carbon and degraded 90% of 50 mg L−1 butachlor in 5 days at a rate constant and half-life (t1/2) of 0.02 h−1 and 34.65 h, respectively, following the first-order reaction kinetics. Five metabolites (N-(butoxymethyl)-N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-diethylaniline, (N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2-ethylphenyl) acetamide, N-(butoxymethyl)-2,6-diethyl-N-propylaniline, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide and 2,6-diethylaniline) were produced during the breakdown of butachlor by B. altitudinis A16 as identified by GC–MS analysis, which are further mineralized to carbon dioxide and water. A metabolic pathway is proposed and compared with other bacteria. The findings have immense beneficial application since such microbes can be used on large scale for faster soil bioremediation and minimizing negative impact of pesticide butachlor on health and environment.

中文翻译：

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高山芽孢杆菌对丁草胺的生物降解及代谢物鉴定

丁草胺是一种氯乙酰胺芽前除草剂，半衰期为 1.6 至 29 天。它是一种可疑的致癌物、基因毒素、神经毒素，并在环境中持续存在，对生命系统有毒性作用。从煤焦油污染土壤中分离得到丁草胺降解菌株A16，16S rRNA分析表明，该菌株与Bacillus altitudinis 41KF2bT具有99.38%的相似性。B. altitudinis 菌株 A16 利用丁草胺作为唯一的碳源，并在 5 天内以 0.02 h-1 和 34.65 h 的速率常数和半衰期 (t1/2) 在 5 天内降解 90% 的 50 mg L-1 丁草胺，遵循一级反应动力学。五种代谢物（N-（丁氧基甲基）-N-（2-氯乙基）-2,6-二乙基苯胺，（N-（丁氧基甲基）-2-氯-N-（2-乙基苯基）乙酰胺，N-（丁氧基甲基）-2） ,6-二乙基-N-丙基苯胺, 2-氯-N-(2, 通过 GC-MS 分析确定，在丁草胺被 B. altitudinis A16 分解的过程中产生了 6-二乙基苯基乙酰胺和 2,6-二乙基苯胺），这些物质进一步矿化为二氧化碳和水。提出了一种代谢途径，并与其他细菌进行了比较。这些发现具有巨大的有益应用，因为此类微生物可大规模用于更快的土壤生物修复，并将农药丁草胺对健康和环境的负面影响降至最低。