Comparative cytogenetic analyses are being increasingly used to collect information on species evolution, for example, diversification of closely related lineages and identification of morphologically indistinguishable species or lineages. Here, we have described the karyotype of the fungus-farming ant Mycetomoellerius iheringi Emery, 1888 and investigated its evolutionary relationships on the basis of molecular and cytogenetic data. The M. iheringi karyotype consists of 2n = 20 chromosomes (2K = 18M + 2SM). We also demonstrated that this species has the classical insect TTAGG telomere organization. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that M. iheringi is phylogenetically closer to M. cirratus Mayhé-Nunes & Brandão, 2005 and M. kempfi Fowler, 1982. We compared M. iheringi with other congeneric species such as M. holmgreni Wheeler, 1925 and inferred that M. iheringi probably underwent a major pericentric inversion in one of its largest chromosomes, making it submetacentric. We discussed our results in the light of the phylogenetic relationships and chromosomal evolution.

中文翻译：

---

真菌农耕蚂蚁Mycetomoellerius iheringi Emery的细胞遗传学和分子数据的整合表明了核型和推定的染色体倒置，1888年。

越来越多地使用比较细胞遗传学分析来收集有关物种进化的信息，例如，密切相关的世系的多样化以及形态上无法区分的物种或世系的鉴定。在这里，我们描述了真菌饲养蚂蚁Mycetomoellerius iheringi Emery，1888年的核型，并根据分子和细胞遗传学数据研究了其进化关系。Iheringi核型由2n = 20条染色体（2K = 18M + 2SM）组成。我们还证明了该物种具有经典的昆虫TTAGG端粒组织。系统发育重建表明，M。iheringi与M. cirratusMayhé-Nunes＆Brandão，2005和M. kempfi Fowler，1982在系统发育上更接近。我们将M. iheringi与其他同类物种进行了比较，例如M. holmgreni Wheeler，1925年，推论iheringi可能在其最大的染色体之一中发生了主要的近中心反转，使其成为亚中心的。我们根据系统发育关系和染色体进化来讨论我们的结果。