Iron homeostasis in fungi involves balancing iron uptake and storage with iron utilization to achieve adequate, nontoxic levels of this essential nutrient. Extensive work in the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe has uncovered unique iron regulation networks for each organism that control iron metabolism via distinct molecular mechanisms. However, common themes have emerged from these studies. The activities of all fungal iron-sensing transcription factors characterized to date are regulated via iron-sulfur cluster signaling. Furthermore, glutaredoxins often play a key role in relaying the intracellular iron status to these DNA-binding proteins. Recent work with fungal pathogens, including Candida and Aspergillus species and Cryptococcus neoformans, has revealed novel iron regulation mechanisms, yet similar roles for iron-sulfur clusters and glutaredoxins in iron signaling have been confirmed. This review will focus on these recent discoveries regarding iron regulation pathways in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi.

中文翻译：

---

铁-硫簇信号：真菌铁调节的共同线索。

真菌中的铁稳态包括在铁的吸收和储存与铁利用之间取得平衡，以使这种必需营养素达到足够的无毒水平。非致病性酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母中的大量工作为每种通过独特的分子机制控制铁代谢的生物发现了独特的铁调节网络。但是，这些研究提出了共同的主题。迄今已表征的所有真菌铁敏感转录因子的活性均通过铁-硫簇信号传导来调节。此外，戊二醛毒素通常在将胞内铁状态传递给这些DNA结合蛋白中起关键作用。与真菌病原体（包括念珠菌和曲霉菌以及新型隐球菌）的最新研究揭示了新颖的铁调节机制，然而，铁-硫簇和戊二醛毒素在铁信号中的相似作用已得到证实。这篇综述将集中在有关病原性和非病原性真菌中铁调节途径的这些最新发现。