Objective:The aim of the work was to study the origin of the idea that herpes labialis (HL) in patients with pneumonia and meningitis was believed to be of prognostic importance. Background:HL is caused by a primary infection or reactivation of herpes simplex type I. In the past, it has been related to pneumonia and meningitis; moreover, HL was believed to be of prognostic importance. Methods:A selection of 19th- and 20th-century textbooks and referred articles was consulted. The relation between meningitis and herpes, type of meningitis, and attributed diagnostic and prognostic importance were studied. In addition, the HL-pneumonia association was studied. Results:The Strasbourg physician Charles-Polydore Forget was the first to describe the HL-meningitis association in 1843. Tourdes (1843), Drasche (1859), and Salomon (1864) attributed a favorable prognostic importance to the HL-meningitis relation. In a comprehensive monograph (1866), August Hirsch, although confirming the association, denied the prognostic importance through critical analysis of the data. Few authors attributed a diagnostic importance to the occurrence of HL, suggesting meningococcal meningitis. Conclusions:The HL-meningitis relation, but not the prognostic importance, has been mentioned in most neurological textbooks since then. In contrast to meningitis, in which a prognostic attribution of HL was only a short-lived 19th-century idea, the favorable prognostic importance of HL in pneumonia continued to be described until the 1950s. A possible protective effect of herpesviruses has been found in recent years. One could speculate that the disappearance of the prognostic HL-pneumonia relation could be related to the introduction of antibiotics in the late 1940s.

中文翻译：

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唇疱疹在细菌性脑膜炎中具有预后重要性的观点的起源

目的：这项工作的目的是研究认为肺炎和脑膜炎患者的唇疱疹 (HL) 具有预后重要性这一观点的起源。背景：HL是由单纯疱疹I型的原发感染或再激活引起的。过去，它与肺炎和脑膜炎有关；此外，HL 被认为具有预后重要性。方法：查阅了19世纪和20世纪的教科书和参考文献。研究了脑膜炎和疱疹之间的关系、脑膜炎的类型以及归因的诊断和预后重要性。此外，还研究了 HL-肺炎关联。结果：斯特拉斯堡医生 Charles-Polydore Forget 于 1843 年首次描述了 HL-脑膜炎关联。Tourdes (1843)、Drasche (1859)、和 Salomon (1864) 将有利的预后重要性归因于 HL 与脑膜炎的关系。在一本综合性专着（1866 年）中，August Hirsch 虽然证实了这种关联，但通过对数据的批判性分析否认了预后的重要性。很少有作者认为 HL 的发生具有诊断重要性，提示脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎。结论：从那时起，大多数神经病学教科书都提到了HL-脑膜炎的关系，但没有提到预后重要性。与脑膜炎相比，HL 的预后归因只是 19 世纪短暂的想法，而 HL 在肺炎中的有利预后重要性一直被描述到 1950 年代。近年来已发现疱疹病毒可能具有保护作用。