Despite rapid advances in the human healthcare, the infection caused by certain viruses results in high morbidity and mortality accentuate the importance for development of new antivirals. The existing antiviral drugs are limited, due to their inadequate response, increased rate of resistance and several adverse side effects. Therefore, one of the newly emerging field "peptide-based therapeutics" against viruses is being explored and seems promising. Over the last few years, a lot of scientific effort has been made for the identification of novel and potential peptide-based therapeutics using various advanced technologies. Consequently, there are more than 60 approved peptide drugs available for sale in the market of United States, Europe, Japan, and some Asian countries. Moreover, the number of peptide drugs undergoing the clinical trials is rising gradually year by year. The peptide-based antiviral therapeutics have been approved for the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza virus and Hepatitis virus (B and C). This review enlightens the various peptide sources and the different approaches that have contributed to the search of potential antiviral peptides. These include computational approaches, natural and biological sources (library based high throughput screening) for the identification of lead peptide molecules against their target. Further the applications of few advanced techniques based on combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology have been illustrated to measure the binding parameters such as affinity and kinetics of the screened interacting partners. The employment of these advanced techniques can contribute to investigate antiviral peptide therapeutics for emerging infections.

中文翻译：

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抗病毒肽：鉴定和验证。

尽管人类医疗保健取得了快速进展，但某些病毒引起的感染会导致高发病率和高死亡率，这凸显了开发新抗病毒药物的重要性。现有的抗病毒药物由于反应不足、耐药率增加和一些不良副作用而受到限制。因此，正在探索针对病毒的新兴领域之一“基于肽的疗法”，并且似乎很有希望。在过去的几年里，已经做出了大量的科学努力，以使用各种先进技术来识别新的和潜在的基于肽的治疗方法。因此，在美国、欧洲、日本和一些亚洲国家的市场上有超过 60 种获批的多肽药物可供销售。而且，正在进行临床试验的多肽药物数量逐年上升。基于肽的抗病毒疗法已被批准用于人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)、流感病毒和肝炎病毒 (B 和 C)。这篇综述启发了各种肽来源和有助于寻找潜在抗病毒肽的不同方法。这些包括用于识别针对其靶标的先导肽分子的计算方法、天然和生物来源（基于库的高通量筛选）。此外，已经说明了基于组合化学和分子生物学的少数先进技术的应用，以测量结合参数，例如筛选的相互作用伙伴的亲和力和动力学。