INTRODUCTION Various pathologies and lifestyle factors, such as nutritional factors and physical exercises, can alter the gene expression of proteins related to synthesis and degradation. AIM We performed a systematic review of atrophy models, cancer models, burn models, sepsis models, cardiac insufficiency models, amino acid supplementation models, protein supplementation models, and miscellaneous models that have altered the gene expression of MTOR, MURF-1, or MAFBX in rats and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched the literature in the following databases: Medline, Scielo.org, Scielo.br, Redib, Lilacs, and the Periodicos Capes. RESULTS We selected 56 articles for this review. DISCUSSION Several conditions can alter the gene expression of muscle proteins under conditions that stimulate muscle degradation pathways. Therefore, treatments must normalize the expression of the degradation pathways and potentiate the synthesis pathways so the muscular tissue confers an increase in functional capacity and thus, survival in diseased patients. Therefore, the reversal of the mechanisms that promote its depletion must be achieved. CONCLUSION Identification of the atrophic mechanisms present in pathologies and other conditions of muscular disuse in the scientific literature is fundamental for the adoption of clinical strategies to prevent protein degradation and to promote the maintenance and/or increase of muscle tissue. Such strategies include physical exercise, protein supplementation, and/or pharmacological applications, aimed toward restoring the fullness of functional capacity.

中文翻译：

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系统评价：大鼠和小鼠 MTOR、MURF-1 和 MAFBX 基因表达变化的模型。

引言 各种病理和生活方式因素，例如营养因素和体育锻炼，可以改变与合成和降解相关的蛋白质的基因表达。目的我们对萎缩模型、癌症模型、烧伤模型、败血症模型、心功能不全模型、氨基酸补充模型、蛋白质补充模型和其他改变 MTOR、MURF-1 或 MAFBX 基因表达的模型进行了系统评价在大鼠和小鼠中。材料和方法 我们检索了以下数据库中的文献：Medline、Scielo.org、Scielo.br、Redib、Lilacs 和 Periodicos Capes。结果 我们选择了 56 篇文章进行本综述。讨论 在刺激肌肉降解途径的条件下，几种条件可以改变肌肉蛋白质的基因表达。所以，治疗必须使降解途径的表达正常化并加强合成途径，以便肌肉组织增加功能能力，从而提高患病患者的生存率。因此，必须实现促进其消耗的机制的逆转。结论 在科学文献中确定存在于病理学和其他肌肉废用状况中的萎缩机制对于采用临床策略以防止蛋白质降解和促进肌肉组织的维持和/或增加至关重要。此类策略包括体育锻炼、蛋白质补充和/或药理学应用，旨在恢复功能能力的完整性。