The mesenchymal microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a major player in immunity. Here we focus on mesenchymal cells located within or in proximity to the blood vessels wall, which include pericytes, adventitial fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells. We discuss recent evidence that these cells play a role in tissue homeostasis, immunity and inflammatory pathologies by multiple mechanisms, including vascular modulation, leucocyte migration, activation or survival in the perivascular space and differentiation into specialized 'effector' mesenchymal cells essential for tissue repair and immunity, such as myofibroblasts and lymphoid stromal cells. When dysregulated, these responses contribute to inflammatory and fibrotic diseases.

中文翻译：

---

间充质血管周围细胞在免疫和疾病中的作用。

间充质微环境越来越被认为是免疫的主要参与者。在这里，我们关注位于血管壁内或血管壁附近的间充质细胞，包括周细胞、外膜成纤维细胞和间充质基质细胞。我们讨论了最近的证据表明这些细胞通过多种机制在组织稳态、免疫和炎症病理中发挥作用，包括血管调节、白细胞迁移、在血管周围空间中的激活或存活以及分化为组织修复和必需的特化“效应”间充质细胞。免疫，如肌成纤维细胞和淋巴基质细胞。当失调时，这些反应会导致炎症和纤维化疾病。