The skin is exposed to the solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which leads to the formation of several types of skin damage responsible for cancer initiation and aging. Malus sp. is a genus of apples, which are a good source of polyphenolic compounds. Malus sp. and more precisely one of its components, rutin, have preventive effects on many diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. In addition, previous studies have suggested the topical usage of the extract as a cosmetic product to prevent skin damage caused by oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two topical formulations containing 1.25% of Malus sp. extract and the equivalent amount of rutin (0.75%). The photochemopreventive effect was assessed on two three-dimensional (3D) skin models, that is, ex vivo skin explants and 3D tissue-engineered skin to compare the models. Both formulations protected against the UVB-induced increase in sunburn cell formation, as well as caspase-3 activation and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation in both skin models. Furthermore, the formulations inhibited the lipid peroxidation and the metalloproteinase formation induced by UVB radiation. The tissue-engineered skins and the skin explants provided effective tools to assess the UVB-induced damages. These results support use of the Malus sp. extract and rutin as skin photochemopreventive agents for topical application.

中文翻译：

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苹果提取物 (Malus sp.) 和芦丁作为光化学预防剂：紫外线 B 诱导皮肤活检和组织工程皮肤变化的评估。

皮肤暴露在太阳紫外线 B (UVB) 辐射下，这会导致形成几种类型的皮肤损伤，从而引发癌症和衰老。苹果属 是苹果的一个属，它是多酚化合物的良好来源。苹果属 更准确地说，它的一种成分芦丁对许多由活性氧引起的疾病具有预防作用。此外，先前的研究表明，将提取物局部用作化妆品以防止氧化应激引起的皮肤损伤。在这项研究中，我们评估了两种含有 1.25% Malus 的外用制剂的功效sp. 提取物和等量的芦丁（0.75%）。在两个三维 (3D) 皮肤模型上评估光化学预防效果，即离体皮肤外植体和 3D 组织工程皮肤，以比较模型。两种配方均可防止 UVB 诱导的晒伤细胞形成增加，以及两种皮肤模型中的 caspase-3 激活和环丁烷嘧啶二聚体形成。此外，该制剂抑制了由 UVB 辐射诱导的脂质过氧化和金属蛋白酶的形成。组织工程皮肤和皮肤外植体为评估 UVB 引起的损伤提供了有效的工具。这些结果支持使用Malus sp。提取物和芦丁作为局部应用的皮肤光化学预防剂。