ABSTRACT

Ten-eleven Translocation (TET) proteins have emerged as a family of epigenetic regulators that are important during development and have been implicated in various types of cancers. TET is a highly conserved protein that has orthologues in almost all multicellular organisms. Here, we review recent literature on the novel substrate specificity of this family of DNA 5-methylcytosine demethylases on DNA 6-methyladenine and RNA 5-methylcytosine that were first identified in the invertebrate model Drosophila. We focus on the biological role of these novel epigenetic marks in the fruit fly and mammals and highlight TET proteins’ critical function during development specifically in brain development.

摘要

十一十一易位（TET）蛋白已作为表观遗传调节剂家族出现，在发育过程中很重要，并与多种类型的癌症有关。TET是高度保守的蛋白质，几乎在所有多细胞生物中都具有直向同源物。在这里，我们回顾了有关无脊椎动物模型果蝇中首次发现的DNA 5-甲基腺嘌呤和RNA 5-甲基胞嘧啶DNA 5-甲基胞嘧啶脱甲基酶家族的新型底物特异性的最新文献。我们专注于这些新的表观遗传标记在果蝇和哺乳动物中的生物学作用，并突出了TET蛋白在发育过程中（尤其是在大脑发育中）的关键功能。