Aging is a complex physiological process associated with degenerative disorder of metabolism and immune function, which contributes to the occurrence of senile diseases. The gut microbiota affects systemic inflammation in aging processes probably through metabolism, but their relationship is still unclear. In this study, 16S-rRNA-sequencing technology, gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS)-based metabolic profiling, and immune factor analysis combined with advanced differential and association analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between the microbiome, metabolome, and immune factors in male Wistar rats across lifespan. Our findings showed significant changes in the ileum microbiome and serum metabolome compositions across aging process. A two-level strategy was applied to demonstrate that key metabolites associated with age such as 4-hydroxyproline, proline, and lysine were clustered together and positively correlated with beneficial microbes including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia. Function analysis explored association between serum metabolite class and specific gut bacteria's metabolism pathways. Further correlation analysis on all the alteration patterns provided an interaction network of main immune factors such as IL-10, IgA, IgM, and IgG with key gut bacteria and serum metabolites. This study offers new insights into the relationship between immune factors, serum metabolome, and the gut microbiome.

中文翻译：

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大鼠肠道微生物组、血清代谢组和免疫因子与年龄相关的组成变化和相关性。

衰老是一个复杂的生理过程，伴随着新陈代谢和免疫功能的退行性紊乱，导致老年疾病的发生。肠道微生物群可能通过新陈代谢影响衰老过程中的全身炎症，但它们之间的关系仍不清楚。在本研究中，采用16S-rRNA测序技术、基于气相色谱-飞行时间质谱（GC-TOFMS）的代谢分析、免疫因子分析以及先进的差异和关联分析来研究各组之间的相关性。雄性 Wistar 大鼠整个生命周期的微生物组、代谢组和免疫因素。我们的研究结果表明，在衰老过程中，回肠微生物组和血清代谢组组成发生了显着变化。应用两级策略来证明与年龄相关的关键代谢物（如 4-羟脯氨酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸）聚集在一起，并与有益微生物（包括双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和阿克曼氏菌）呈正相关。功能分析探讨了血清代谢物类别与特定肠道细菌代谢途径之间的关联。对所有改变模式的进一步相关性分析提供了主要免疫因子（例如IL-10、IgA、IgM和IgG）与关键肠道细菌和血清代谢物的相互作用网络。这项研究为免疫因素、血清代谢组和肠道微生物组之间的关系提供了新的见解。