Harmful Algae ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101740 Julia A Ekstrom 1 , Stephanie K Moore 2 , Terrie Klinger 3
The human dimensions of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are becoming increasingly apparent as they grow in frequency and magnitude in some regions of the world under changing ocean conditions. One such region is the U.S. West Coast, where HABs of toxigenic species of Pseudo-nitzschia have been found to coincide with or closely follow periods of warming. In 2015, the region experienced a massive HAB of Pseudo-nitzschia that was associated with the 2014-16 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave. The HAB event delayed the opening of the lucrative commercial Dungeness crab fishery for up to 5 months and closed the popular recreational razor clam fishery, resulting in fishery failures and disaster declarations and causing significant sociocultural and economic impacts to coastal communities. Here, management actions are examined that were taken by federal and state government agencies and responses of coastal residents to this extreme HAB event using a disaster risk management framework consisting of four phases: 1) prediction and early warning, 2) event response, 3) recovery and reconstruction, and 4) mitigation and prevention. Clear differences in management actions at the state level were evident in California, Oregon, and Washington during every phase, producing vastly different perceptions of management by coastal residents. A history of trusted relationships and coordination among agencies and with the fishing industry in Washington State was associated with more transparent and accepted management responses. The examination found that additional education, outreach, and trust-building exercises would provide benefits to communities affected by extreme HAB events. Our findings contribute to an understanding of climate change adaptation in coastal communities dependent on fishery resources.
中文翻译:
通过灾害风险管理视角检查有害藻华:2015年美国西海岸海藻酸事件的案例研究。
随着变化的海洋条件,世界上某些地区的有害藻华(HABs)的频率和强度不断增长,其人为因素变得越来越明显。这样的地区之一是美国西海岸,在该地区发现了伪尼兹菌的产毒物种的HAB与变暖时期相吻合或紧随其后。在2015年,该地区经历了大规模的假性尼采这与2014-16年东北太平洋海洋热浪有关。HAB事件将获利丰厚的商业Dungeness蟹类渔业的开放时间推迟了长达5个月,并关闭了流行的休闲剃刀蛤类渔业,导致渔业失败和灾难宣告,并对沿海社区造成了重大的社会文化和经济影响。在此,我们使用由以下四个阶段组成的灾难风险管理框架来检查联邦和州政府机构采取的管理措施以及沿海居民对这一极端HAB事件的响应:1)预测和预警; 2)事件响应; 3)恢复和重建,以及4)缓解和预防。在每个阶段,加利福尼亚州,俄勒冈州和华盛顿州在州一级的管理措施上都存在明显差异,对沿海居民产生了截然不同的管理观念。华盛顿州各机构之间以及与渔业之间的可信赖关系和协调的历史与更透明和可接受的管理措施相关。检查发现,额外的教育,宣传和建立信任的做法将为受极端HAB事件影响的社区带来好处。我们的发现有助于理解依赖渔业资源的沿海社区对气候变化的适应。建立信任的做法将使受极端HAB事件影响的社区受益。我们的发现有助于理解依赖渔业资源的沿海社区对气候变化的适应。建立信任的做法将使受极端HAB事件影响的社区受益。我们的发现有助于理解依赖渔业资源的沿海社区对气候变化的适应。