Abstract

Lycopene (LYC), a natural compound responsible for the red color of some fruits like pink grapefruit, red guava, watermelon, papaya and, mainly, present in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). LYC has been extensively studied because of its various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, cardioprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antineophasic, photoprotection, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity. However, LYC uses in therapy is limited due to its insolubility in aqueous solvents, resulting in low bioavailability and stability. In order to overcome these drawbacks, it is essential to use of organic nanocarriers for LYC controlled release. Up to now, the description of LYC-loaded organic nanocarriers are scarce, mainly related to organic nanosystems based on lipid nanostructures such as nanoemulsions (NE), liposomes (LP), niosomes (NI), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). Taking into account the development of new formulations, is indispensable the use of sensitive and suitable analytical methods previously validated. Among the analytical methods described here, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) stands out due to its good accuracy, precision and desirable detection limit. In this review, we highlights the main biological and physicochemical properties of LYC, as well as LYC-based organic nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery and the analytical methods described in literature to determine LYC in any kind of matrix.

摘要

番茄红素 (LYC)，一种天然化合物，使某些水果如粉红葡萄柚、红番石榴、西瓜、木瓜呈红色，并且主要存在于西红柿中 ( Solanum lycopersicum）。由于 LYC 具有多种药理特性，例如抗氧化、心脏保护、降血脂、抗相、光保护、抗糖尿病和抗菌活性，因此已被广泛研究。然而，LYC 在治疗中的应用受到限制，因为它不溶于水性溶剂，导致生物利用度和稳定性低。为了克服这些缺点，必须使用有机纳米载体进行 LYC 控释。到目前为止，对负载LYC的有机纳米载体的描述很少，主要涉及基于脂质纳米结构的有机纳米系统，如纳米乳液（NE）、脂质体（LP）、niosomes（NI）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）和固体脂质纳米粒子（SLN）。考虑到新配方的开发，使用先前验证过的灵敏且合适的分析方法是必不可少的。在此处描述的分析方法中，高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 因其良好的准确度、精密度和理想的检测限而脱颖而出。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了 LYC 的主要生物学和物理化学特性，以及用于控制药物递送的基于 LYC 的有机纳米载体，以及文献中描述的用于确定任何类型基质中 LYC 的分析方法。