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Characterisation of antagonistic Bacillus paralicheniformis (strain EAL) by LC-MS, antimicrobial peptide genes, and ISR determinants.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01423-4
Hardik Naik Jinal 1 , Krishnan Sakthivel 2 , Natarajan Amaresan 1
Affiliation  

Plants have their own defense mechanisms such as induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic-acquired resistance. Bacillus spp. are familiar biocontrol agents that trigger ISR against various phytopathogens by eliciting various metabolites and producing defense enzyme in the host plant. In this study, B. paralicheniformis (strain EAL) was isolated from the medicinal plant Enicostema axillare. Butanol extract of B. paralicheniformis showed potential antagonism against Fusarium oxysporum compared to control well (sterile distilled water) A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed 80 different compounds. Among the 80 compounds, we selected citrulline, carnitine, and indole-3-ethanol based on mass-to-charge ratio, database difference, and resolution of mass spectrum. The synthetic form of the above compounds showed biocontrol activity against F. oxysporum under in vitro condition in combination, not as individual compounds. However, the PCR amplification of 11 antimicrobial peptide genes showed that none of the genes amplified in the strain. B. paralicheniformis inoculation challenged with F. oxysporum on tomato plants enhanced production of defense enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and proline compared to control plants (without inoculation of B. paralicheniformis) at significant level (p < 0.005). Stem of tomato plants expressed higher POD (2.2-fold), SOD (2.2-fold), PPO (1.9-fold), and PAL (1.3-fold) contents followed by the leaf and root. Elevated proline accumulation was observed in the leaf (1.8-fold) of tomato plants. Thus, results clearly showed potentiality of B. paralicheniformis (EAL) in activation of antioxidant defense enzyme against F. oxysporum-infected tomato plants and prevention of oxidative damage though hydroxyl radicals scavenging activities that suppress the occurrence of wilt diseases.



中文翻译:

通过LC-MS,抗菌肽基因和ISR决定簇表征拮抗芽孢杆菌(EAL菌株)。

植物具有自己的防御机制,例如诱导的系统抗性(ISR)和系统获得性抗性。芽孢杆菌属。是熟悉的生物防治剂,其通过在宿主植物中引发各种代谢物并产生防御酶来触发针对各种植物病原体的ISR。在这项研究中,副枝芽孢杆菌(菌株EAL)是从药用植物Enicostema axillare中分离出来的。副粘芽孢杆菌的丁醇提取物对尖孢镰刀菌具有潜在的拮抗作用与对照井(无菌蒸馏水)相比,液相色谱质谱分析显示有80种不同的化合物。在80种化合物中,我们根据质荷比,数据库差异和质谱分辨率选择了瓜氨酸,肉碱和吲哚-3-乙醇。上述化合物的合成形式在体外条件下组合起来表现出对尖孢镰刀菌的生物防治活性,而不是单独的化合物。但是,PCR扩增了11个抗菌肽基因,结果表明该菌株中没有一个基因被扩增。B. paralicheniformis接种挑战与尖孢镰刀菌与对照植物相比(未接种副枝芽孢杆菌),番茄植株上的抗氧化酶(POD),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶(PAL),多酚氧化酶(PPO)和脯氨酸的防御酶活性显着提高。水平(p  <0.005)。番茄植株的茎中POD(2.2倍),SOD(2.2倍),PPO(1.9倍)和PAL(1.3倍)含量更高,其次是叶和根。在番茄植株的叶片中观察到脯氨酸积累增加(1.8倍)。的因此,结果清楚地表明潜力B. paralicheniformis(EAL)在针对抗氧化防御酶的活化尖孢镰孢-通过清除自由基来抑制青枯病的发生,通过清除羟基自由基清除番茄植株并防止氧化损伤。

更新日期:2020-07-24
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