Contemporary theories of instrumental performance assume that responding can be controlled by 2 behavioral systems, 1 goal-directed that encodes the outcome of an action, and 1 habitual that reinforces the response strength of the same action. Here we present a model of free-operant behavior in which goal-directed control is determined by the correlation between the rates of the action and the outcome whereas the total prediction error generated by contiguous reinforcement by the outcome controls habitual response strength. The outputs of these two systems summate to generate a total response strength. This cooperative model addresses the difference in the behavioral impact of ratio and interval schedules, the transition from goal-directed to habitual control with extended training, the persistence of goal-directed control under choice procedures and following extinction, among other phenomena. In these respects, this dual-system model is unique in its account of free-operant behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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行为和习惯理论：自由操作行为中速率相关性和邻接系统的相互作用。

当代工具表演理论假设反应可以由 2 种行为系统控制，一种是目标导向的，它对行动的结果进行编码，而 1 种是习惯性的，它加强了同一行动的反应强度。在这里，我们提出了一个自由操作行为模型，其中目标导向控制由动作速率与结果之间的相关性决定，而由结果的连续强化产生的总预测误差控制习惯性反应强度。这两个系统的输出相加以生成总响应强度。这种合作模式解决了比率和间隔计划对行为影响的差异，通过扩展训练从目标导向到习惯控制的转变，在选择程序和灭绝之后，目标导向控制的持续存在，以及其他现象。在这些方面，这种双系统模型在解释自由操作行为方面是独一无二的。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。