Well-established psychological theories indicate that interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being are linked in fundamental ways (Coyne, 1976; Sullivan, 1953). Indeed, difficulties in close relationships can contribute to emotional adjustment problems, and emotional problems can adversely affect close relationships. Moreover, different close relationships are especially significant in terms of development and adjustment at different stages of the life span. The current review focuses on childhood and adolescence, developmental stages at which friendships are particularly important. This article presents the results of 16 meta-analyses including 589 unique effects from 233 studies that examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between youths' friendship experiences (number of friends, positive friendship quality, negative friendship quality) and their emotional adjustment (depressive symptoms and loneliness). Studies examining these associations are mixed in regard to whether significant effects emerge. The current research synthesis provides more stable estimates of the effects. In fact, relatively small but significant concurrent and longitudinal associations emerged between the 3 indices of friendship with depressive symptoms and loneliness. The results also suggest that friendship experiences may be more closely linked with loneliness than depressive symptoms and that negative friendship quality may be related to friendship experiences more strongly than number of friends or positive friendship quality. Interestingly, some of the relations were found to be stronger for younger youth. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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友谊经历与儿童和青少年的抑郁症状和孤独感的关系：荟萃分析。

完善的心理学理论表明，人际关系和情感幸福在根本上是相关的（Coyne，1976； Sullivan，1953）。确实，亲密关系中的困难会导致情绪调节问题，而情绪问题会不利地影响亲密关系。此外，就生命的不同阶段的发展和适应而言，不同的亲密关系尤其重要。当前的评论集中在童年和青春期，在发展阶段，友谊尤为重要。本文介绍了16项荟萃分析的结果，其中包括233项研究的589项独特效果，这些研究检查了青年人的友谊经历（朋友数量，积极的友谊质量，负面的友谊品质）和他们的情绪调节（抑郁症状和孤独感）。检查这些关联的研究在是否产生重大影响方面是混杂的。当前的研究综合提供了更稳定的影响估计。实际上，在具有抑郁症状和孤独感的三个友谊指标之间出现了相对较小但重要的并发和纵向联系。研究结果还表明，友谊经历与孤独感可能比抑郁症状更紧密相关；负面的友谊素质可能与友谊经历的关系比朋友数量或积极的友谊素质更紧密。有趣的是，一些关系被发现对年轻的年轻人更为牢固。讨论了对预防和干预工作的意义。