Sphingolipids are a class of lipids highly enriched in the central nervous system (CNS), which shows great diversity and complexity, and has been implicated in CNS development and function. Alterations in sphingolipid metabolism have been described in multiple diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid metabolism in neurodegeneration, evaluating its direct roles in neuron development and health, and also in the induction of neurotoxic activities in CNS‐resident astrocytes and microglia in the context of neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we focus on the metabolism of gangliosides and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, its contribution to the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, and its potential as a candidate target for the therapeutic modulation of neurodegeneration.

中文翻译：

---

鞘脂代谢在神经退行性变中的作用。

鞘脂是中枢神经系统（CNS）中高度富集的一类脂质，具有极大的多样性和复杂性，并与中枢神经系统的发育和功能有关。已经在多种疾病中描述了鞘脂代谢的改变，包括影响中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的疾病。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了鞘脂代谢在神经退行性变中的作用，评估其在神经元发育和健康中的直接作用，以及在多发性硬化症和阿尔茨海默氏病。最后，我们关注神经节苷脂和鞘氨醇-1-磷酸的代谢，其对神经系统疾病发病机制的贡献，