Circadian rhythms influence daily behavior, psychological and physiological functions, as well as physical performance. Three chronotypes are distinguished according to the preferences people typically display for activity at certain times of day: Morning, Neither, and Evening types (M-, N- and E-types). The chronotype changes with age: eveningness tends to be stronger in youth and morningness in older age. The progressive shift toward eveningness during adolescence creates misalignment with morning society schedules and can lead to a deterioration in intellectual and physical performance. Soccer is one of the world’s most popular sports practiced by adolescents and soccer workouts are usually held after school in the afternoon or evening. Performance in soccer is related to a host of factors, including physiological variables and motor skills that have a circadian variation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronotype on motor skills specific to soccer, specifically whether agility, aerobic endurance, and explosive power differ among the three chronotypes in relation to the time of day. For this study 141 adolescent soccer players filled in the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) for the assessment of chronotype. A subsample of 75 subjects, subdivided in M-types (n= 25), E-types (n= 25), and N-types (n= 25), performed three tests (Sargent Jump Test - SJT, Illinois Agility Test - IAT, and 6-Minutes Run Test - 6MRT) at a morning and an evening training session (9:00 am and 6:00 pm). Mixed ANOVA was used to test the interactions between chronotypes, physical performance, and time. On all tests, better performance during the morning than the evening session was observed for the M-types (p< .05), whereas the E-types performed better in the evening than in the morning session (p< .05), and no differences in test performance were detected for the N-types. These findings underline the importance of a correct chronobiological approach to sports training. Scheduling training sessions according to an athlete’s circadian preferences could be a valid strategy to enhance performance.

昼夜节律影响日常行为，心理和生理功能以及身体机能。根据人们通常在一天中的特定时间显示的喜好，可以区分三种计时型：早晨型，无型和傍晚型（M型，N型和E型）。随着年龄的增长，表型发生变化：年轻人的晚间倾向趋于增强，而老年人的早晨趋于增强。青春期逐渐趋向晚上，这会导致与早晨的社交计划不一致，并可能导致智力和身体机能下降。足球是世界上最流行的青少年运动之一，通常在下午或晚上放学后进行足球锻炼。足球表现与许多因素有关，包括生理变量和昼夜变化的运动技能。这项研究的目的是确定表型对足球特有运动技能的影响，尤其是三种表型在一天中的不同时间是否具有敏捷性，有氧耐力和爆发力。在这项研究中，有141名青少年足球运动员填写了晨间－晚间问卷（MEQ）以评估表型。75位受试者的子样本分为M型（n = 25），E型（n = 25）和N型（n = 25），进行了三项测试（急跳测试-SJT，伊利诺伊州敏捷测试- IAT，以及早上和晚上的培训课程（上午9:00和下午6:00）进行6分钟跑步测试-6MRT。混合方差分析用于测试表型，身体表现和时间之间的相互作用。在所有测试中p <.05），而E型在晚上的表现要好于早晨（p <.05），N型没有发现测试表现的差异。这些发现强调了正确的按时间生物学方法进行运动训练的重要性。根据运动员的昼夜节律安排安排训练时间可能是提高成绩的有效策略。