The current sports concussion assessment paradigm lacks reliability, has learning effects, and is not sufficiently challenging for athletes. As a result, subtle deficits in sensorimotor function may be unidentified, increasing the risk of future injury. This study examined if the inertial-sensor instrumented Y Balance test could capture concussion-induced alterations in dynamic movement control. A cohort of 226 elite Rugby Union, American football, and ice hockey athletes were evaluated using the inertial-sensor instrumented Y balance test. Dynamic balance performance was quantified using normalized reach distance, jerk magnitude root-mean-squared (Jerk Mag RMS), and gyroscope magnitude sample entropy (Gyro Mag SEn). Concussed athletes who consented to follow-up were evaluated 24 to 48 h post-injury, and at the point of return to full contact training (RTP). Seventeen athletes sustained a concussion and consented to both the 24- to 48-h and RTP follow-up testing. Twenty uninjured control athletes were re-tested 6 months following initial screening. Concussed athletes had reductions in normalized reach distance (Cohens D = 0.66-1.16) and Jerk Mag (Cohens D = 0.57-1.14) 24 to 48 h post-injury, which returned to pre-injury levels by the point of RTP. There was no significant difference in performance between the baseline and 6-month follow-up in the 20 uninjured athletes (Cohens D = 0.06-0.51). There was a statistically significant linear association between Jerk Mag RMS 24 to 48 h post-injury and the natural log of RTP duration (R² = 0.27 to 0.33). These results indicate that concussed athletes possessed alterations in dynamic movement control 24 to 48 h post-concussion, which typically returns to pre-injury levels by the point of RTP. Further, evaluation of dynamic movement control 24 to 48 h post-injury may aid in the evaluation of recovery prognosis.

中文翻译：

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使用惯性传感器仪器化 Y 平衡测试进行震荡恢复评估。

当前的运动脑震荡评估范式缺乏可靠性，具有学习效果，并且对运动员来说没有足够的挑战性。因此，感觉运动功能的细微缺陷可能无法识别，从而增加了未来受伤的风险。这项研究检验了装有惯性传感器的 Y 平衡测试是否可以捕获由脑震荡引起的动态运动控制变化。使用惯性传感器仪器 Y 平衡测试对 226 名精英橄榄球联盟、美式足球和冰球运动员进行了评估。使用归一化到达距离、急动幅度均方根 (Jerk Mag RMS) 和陀螺仪幅度样本熵 (Gyro Mag SEn) 量化动态平衡性能。同意随访的脑震荡运动员在受伤后 24 至 48 小时接受评估，并在返回完全接触训练 (RTP) 时。17 名运动员出现脑震荡并同意接受 24 至 48 小时和 RTP 后续测试。20 名未受伤的对照运动员在初始筛选后 6 个月重新测试。脑震荡的运动员在受伤后 24 至 48 小时的标准化可达距离（Cohens D = 0.66-1.16）和 Jerk Mag（Cohens D = 0.57-1.14）减少，在 RTP 时恢复到受伤前的水平。20 名未受伤运动员的基线和 6 个月随访的表现没有显着差异（Cohens D = 0.06-0.51）。受伤后 24 至 48 小时的 Jerk Mag RMS 与 RTP 持续时间的自然对数之间存在统计学上显着的线性关联（R 20 名未受伤的对照运动员在初始筛选后 6 个月重新测试。脑震荡的运动员在受伤后 24 至 48 小时的标准化可达距离（Cohens D = 0.66-1.16）和 Jerk Mag（Cohens D = 0.57-1.14）减少，在 RTP 时恢复到受伤前的水平。20 名未受伤运动员的基线和 6 个月随访的表现没有显着差异（Cohens D = 0.06-0.51）。受伤后 24 至 48 小时的 Jerk Mag RMS 与 RTP 持续时间的自然对数之间存在统计学上显着的线性关联（R 20 名未受伤的对照运动员在初始筛选后 6 个月重新测试。脑震荡的运动员在受伤后 24 至 48 小时的标准化可达距离（Cohens D = 0.66-1.16）和 Jerk Mag（Cohens D = 0.57-1.14）减少，在 RTP 时恢复到受伤前的水平。20 名未受伤运动员的基线和 6 个月随访的表现没有显着差异（Cohens D = 0.06-0.51）。受伤后 24 至 48 小时的 Jerk Mag RMS 与 RTP 持续时间的自然对数之间存在统计学上显着的线性关联（R 在 RTP 点恢复到受伤前的水平。20 名未受伤运动员的基线和 6 个月随访之间的表现没有显着差异（Cohens D = 0.06-0.51）。受伤后 24 至 48 小时的 Jerk Mag RMS 与 RTP 持续时间的自然对数之间存在统计学上显着的线性关联（R 在 RTP 点恢复到受伤前的水平。20 名未受伤运动员的基线和 6 个月随访的表现没有显着差异（Cohens D = 0.06-0.51）。受伤后 24 至 48 小时的 Jerk Mag RMS 与 RTP 持续时间的自然对数之间存在统计学上显着的线性关联（R²  = 0.27 到 0.33）。这些结果表明，脑震荡的运动员在脑震荡后 24 到 48 小时的动态运动控制发生了改变，通常在 RTP 点恢复到受伤前的水平。此外，评估受伤后 24 至 48 小时的动态运动控制可能有助于评估恢复预后。