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Sleep deprivation and stress: a reciprocal relationship.
Interface Focus ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 , DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0092 Mathieu Nollet 1, 2 , William Wisden 1, 2, 3 , Nicholas P Franks 1, 2, 3
Interface Focus ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-17 , DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0092 Mathieu Nollet 1, 2 , William Wisden 1, 2, 3 , Nicholas P Franks 1, 2, 3
Affiliation
Sleep is highly conserved across evolution, suggesting vital biological functions that are yet to be fully understood. Animals and humans experiencing partial sleep restriction usually exhibit detrimental physiological responses, while total and prolonged sleep loss could lead to death. The perturbation of sleep homeostasis is usually accompanied by an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, leading to a rise in circulating levels of stress hormones (e.g. cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents). Such hormones follow a circadian release pattern under undisturbed conditions and participate in the regulation of sleep. The investigation of the consequences of sleep deprivation, from molecular changes to behavioural alterations, has been used to study the fundamental functions of sleep. However, the reciprocal relationship between sleep and the activity of the HPA axis is problematic when investigating sleep using traditional sleep-deprivation protocols that can induce stress per se. This is especially true in studies using rodents in which sleep deprivation is achieved by exogenous, and potentially stressful, sensory-motor stimulations that can undoubtedly confuse their conclusions. While more research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying sleep loss and health, avoiding stress as a confounding factor in sleep-deprivation studies is therefore crucial. This review examines the evidence of the intricate links between sleep and stress in the context of experimental sleep deprivation, and proposes a more sophisticated research framework for sleep-deprivation procedures that could benefit from recent progress in biotechnological tools for precise neuromodulation, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, as well as improved automated real-time sleep-scoring algorithms.
中文翻译:
睡眠不足和压力:相互关系。
在整个进化过程中,睡眠是高度保守的,提示重要的生物学功能尚待充分了解。经历部分睡眠限制的动物和人类通常表现出有害的生理反应,而完全和长时间的睡眠丧失可能导致死亡。睡眠稳态的紊乱通常伴随着下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴活动的增加,从而导致循环压力激素(例如人类的皮质醇,啮齿类动物的皮质酮)的水平升高。这些激素在不受干扰的条件下遵循昼夜节律的释放方式,并参与睡眠的调节。从分子变化到行为改变的睡眠剥夺后果的调查已用于研究睡眠的基本功能。然而,当使用传统的睡眠剥夺方案来研究睡眠时,睡眠与HPA轴活动之间的相互关系是有问题的,这本身会引起压力。在使用啮齿动物的研究中尤其如此,在该研究中,通过外源性和潜在压力性的感觉运动刺激来实现睡眠剥夺,这无疑会混淆其结论。尽管需要更多研究来探索睡眠丧失和健康的潜在机制,但避免压力成为睡眠剥夺研究中的混杂因素至关重要。这篇评论调查了在实验性睡眠剥夺情况下睡眠与压力之间的复杂联系的证据,
更新日期:2020-04-17
中文翻译:
睡眠不足和压力:相互关系。
在整个进化过程中,睡眠是高度保守的,提示重要的生物学功能尚待充分了解。经历部分睡眠限制的动物和人类通常表现出有害的生理反应,而完全和长时间的睡眠丧失可能导致死亡。睡眠稳态的紊乱通常伴随着下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴活动的增加,从而导致循环压力激素(例如人类的皮质醇,啮齿类动物的皮质酮)的水平升高。这些激素在不受干扰的条件下遵循昼夜节律的释放方式,并参与睡眠的调节。从分子变化到行为改变的睡眠剥夺后果的调查已用于研究睡眠的基本功能。然而,当使用传统的睡眠剥夺方案来研究睡眠时,睡眠与HPA轴活动之间的相互关系是有问题的,这本身会引起压力。在使用啮齿动物的研究中尤其如此,在该研究中,通过外源性和潜在压力性的感觉运动刺激来实现睡眠剥夺,这无疑会混淆其结论。尽管需要更多研究来探索睡眠丧失和健康的潜在机制,但避免压力成为睡眠剥夺研究中的混杂因素至关重要。这篇评论调查了在实验性睡眠剥夺情况下睡眠与压力之间的复杂联系的证据,