Abstract The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is experiencing a period of intense progress due to the consolidation of several key technological enablers. AI is already deployed widely and has a high impact on work and daily life activities. The continuation of this process will likely contribute to deep economic and social changes. To realise the tremendous benefits of AI while mitigating undesirable effects will require enlightened responses by many stakeholders. Varying national institutional, economic, political, and cultural conditions will influence how AI will affect convenience, efficiency, personalisation, privacy protection, and surveillance of citizens. Many expect that the winners of the AI development race will dominate the coming decades economically and geopolitically, potentially exacerbating tensions between countries. Moreover, nations are under pressure to protect their citizens and their interests—and even their own political stability—in the face of possible malicious or biased uses of AI. On the one hand, these different stressors and emphases in AI development and deployment among nations risk a fragmentation between world regions that threatens technology evolution and collaboration. On the other hand, some level of differentiation will likely enrich the global AI ecosystem in ways that stimulate innovation and introduce competitive checks and balances through the decentralisation of AI development. International cooperation, typically orchestrated by intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations, private sector initiatives, and by academic researchers, has improved common welfare and avoided undesirable outcomes in other technology areas. Because AI will most likely have more fundamental effects on our lives than other recent technologies, stronger forms of cooperation that address broader policy and governance challenges in addition to regulatory and technological issues may be needed. At a time of great challenges among nations, international policy coordination remains a necessary instrument to tackle the ethical, cultural, economic, and political repercussions of AI. We propose to advance the emerging concept of technology diplomacy to facilitate the global alignment of AI policy and governance and create a vibrant AI innovation system. We argue that the prevention of malicious uses of AI and the enhancement of human welfare create strong common interests across jurisdictions that require sustained efforts to develop better, mutually beneficial approaches. We hope that new technology diplomacy will facilitate the dialogues necessary to help all interested parties develop a shared understanding and coordinate efforts to utilise AI for the benefit of humanity, a task whose difficulty should not be underestimated.

中文翻译：

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利用人工智能 (AI) 提高所有人的福祉：新技术外交的案例

摘要 由于多项关键技术推动因素的整合，人工智能 (AI) 领域正在经历一个突飞猛进的发展时期。人工智能已经广泛部署，对工作和日常生活活动产生重大影响。这一进程的继续可能会促进深刻的经济和社会变革。要在减轻不良影响的同时实现人工智能的巨大好处，需要许多利益相关者做出明智的反应。不同的国家制度、经济、政治和文化条件将影响人工智能如何影响便利性、效率、个性化、隐私保护和公民监控。许多人预计人工智能发展竞赛的获胜者将在未来几十年的经济和地缘政治上占据主导地位，这可能会加剧国家之间的紧张局势。此外，面对可能恶意或有偏见地使用人工智能的情况，各国面临着保护其公民及其利益，甚至是自身政治稳定的压力。一方面，这些不同的压力源和国家间人工智能开发和部署的重点可能会导致世界地区之间的分裂，从而威胁到技术的发展和协作。另一方面，某种程度的差异化可能会以刺激创新的方式丰富全球人工智能生态系统，并通过人工智能开发的去中心化引入竞争制衡。通常由政府间和非政府组织、私营部门倡议以及学术研究人员精心策划的国际合作改善了共同福利并避免了其他技术领域的不良后果。由于与其他最新技术相比，人工智能很可能对我们的生活产生更根本的影响，因此除了监管和技术问题之外，还需要更强有力的合作形式来应对更广泛的政策和治理挑战。在国家间面临巨大挑战的时代，国际政策协调仍然是解决人工智能在伦理、文化、经济和政治方面的影响的必要工具。我们建议推进新兴的技术外交概念，以促进人工智能政策和治理的全球统一，并创建一个充满活力的人工智能创新体系。我们认为，防止恶意使用 AI 和提高人类福利会在各个司法管辖区创造强大的共同利益，需要持续努力开发更好、互惠互利的方法。