Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular disease with increasing morbidity and mortality year by year in modern society. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is closely associated with the development of atherosclerosis. HCMV infection may accelerate graft atherosclerosis and the development of transplant vasculopathy in organ transplantation. However, our current understanding of HCMV-associated atherosclerosis remains limited and is mainly based on clinical observations. The underlying mechanism of the involvement of HCMV infection in atherogenesis remains unclear. Here, we summarized current knowledge regarding the multiple influences of HCMV on a diverse range of infected cells, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes, macrophages, and T cells. In addition, we described potential HCMV-induced molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, lipid metabolism, and miRNA regulation, which are involved in the development of HCMV-associated atherogenesis. Gaining an improved understanding of these mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of HCMV-related cardiovascular disease.

中文翻译：

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人类巨细胞病毒在动脉粥样硬化中的作用：系统综述。

动脉粥样硬化是一种进行性血管疾病，在现代社会中发病率和死亡率逐年增加。人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）感染与动脉粥样硬化的发展密切相关。HCMV感染可能会加速器官移植过程中的移植动脉粥样硬化和移植血管病变的发展。但是，我们目前对HCMV相关动脉粥样硬化的了解仍然有限，并且主要基于临床观察。HCMV感染参与动脉粥样硬化的潜在机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们总结了有关HCMV对多种感染细胞的多重影响的当前知识，这些感染细胞包括血管内皮细胞，血管平滑肌细胞，单核细胞，巨噬细胞和T细胞。此外，我们描述了潜在的HCMV诱导的分子机制，例如氧化应激，内质网应激，自噬，脂质代谢和miRNA调控，这些均与HCMV相关动脉粥样硬化的发展有关。对这些机制的进一步了解将有助于开发新的有效的治疗策略，以治疗HCMV相关的心血管疾病。