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Threats Posed by the Fungal Kingdom to Humans, Wildlife, and Agriculture.
mBio ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-05 , DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00449-20
Matthew C Fisher 1 , Sarah J Gurr 2 , Christina A Cuomo 3 , David S Blehert 4 , Hailing Jin 5 , Eva H Stukenbrock 6, 7 , Jason E Stajich 5 , Regine Kahmann 8 , Charles Boone 9, 10, 11 , David W Denning 12 , Neil A R Gow 2 , Bruce S Klein 13 , James W Kronstad 14 , Donald C Sheppard 15 , John W Taylor 16 , Gerard D Wright 17 , Joseph Heitman 18 , Arturo Casadevall 19 , Leah E Cowen 20
Affiliation  

The fungal kingdom includes at least 6 million eukaryotic species and is remarkable with respect to its profound impact on global health, biodiversity, ecology, agriculture, manufacturing, and biomedical research. Approximately 625 fungal species have been reported to infect vertebrates, 200 of which can be human associated, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause infectious diseases. These organisms pose a growing threat to human health with the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections, prevalence of fungal allergy, and the evolution of fungal pathogens resistant to some or all current classes of antifungals. More broadly, there has been an unprecedented and worldwide emergence of fungal pathogens affecting animal and plant biodiversity. Approximately 8,000 species of fungi and Oomycetes are associated with plant disease. Indeed, across agriculture, such fungal diseases of plants include new devastating epidemics of trees and jeopardize food security worldwide by causing epidemics in staple and commodity crops that feed billions. Further, ingestion of mycotoxins contributes to ill health and causes cancer. Coordinated international research efforts, enhanced technology translation, and greater policy outreach by scientists are needed to more fully understand the biology and drivers that underlie the emergence of fungal diseases and to mitigate against their impacts. Here, we focus on poignant examples of emerging fungal threats in each of three areas: human health, wildlife biodiversity, and food security.

中文翻译:

真菌王国对人类、野生动物和农业构成的威胁。

真菌王国包括至少 600 万种真核生物,其对全球健康、生物多样性、生态学、农业、制造业和生物医学研究的深远影响非常显着。据报道,大约有 625 种真菌会感染脊椎动物,其中 200 种可能与人类有关,它们可能是微生物群的共生体和成员,也可能是引起传染病的病原体。随着全球侵袭性真菌感染发病率的增加、真菌过敏的流行以及对某些或所有当前类别的抗真菌剂具有抗药性的真菌病原体的进化,这些生物对人类健康构成了越来越大的威胁。更广泛地说,影响动植物生物多样性的真菌病原体在世界范围内前所未有地出现。大约8个,000 种真菌和卵菌与植物病害有关。事实上,在整个农业领域,此类植物真菌病害包括新的毁灭性树木流行病,并通过在养活数十亿人的主要作物和商品作物中引起流行病危害全球粮食安全。此外,摄入霉菌毒素会导致健康不佳并导致癌症。需要协调国际研究工作、加强技术转化和科学家扩大政策宣传,以更全面地了解真菌疾病出现的生物学和驱动因素,并减轻其影响。在这里,我们重点关注三个领域中新出现的真菌威胁的尖锐例子:人类健康、野生动物生物多样性和粮食安全。此类植物真菌病害包括新的毁灭性树木流行病,并通过导致养活数十亿人的主要作物和商品作物流行病危害全世界的粮食安全。此外,摄入霉菌毒素会导致健康不佳并导致癌症。需要协调国际研究工作、加强技术转化和科学家扩大政策宣传,以更全面地了解真菌疾病出现的生物学和驱动因素,并减轻其影响。在这里,我们重点关注三个领域中新出现的真菌威胁的尖锐例子:人类健康、野生动物生物多样性和粮食安全。此类植物真菌病害包括新的毁灭性树木流行病,并通过导致养活数十亿人的主要作物和商品作物流行病危害全世界的粮食安全。此外,摄入霉菌毒素会导致健康不佳并导致癌症。需要协调国际研究工作、加强技术转化和科学家扩大政策宣传,以更全面地了解真菌疾病出现的生物学和驱动因素,并减轻其影响。在这里,我们重点关注三个领域中新出现的真菌威胁的尖锐例子:人类健康、野生动物生物多样性和粮食安全。摄入霉菌毒素会导致健康不佳并导致癌症。需要协调国际研究工作、加强技术转化和科学家扩大政策宣传,以更全面地了解真菌疾病出现的生物学和驱动因素,并减轻其影响。在这里,我们重点关注三个领域中新出现的真菌威胁的尖锐例子:人类健康、野生动物生物多样性和粮食安全。摄入霉菌毒素会导致健康不佳并导致癌症。需要协调国际研究工作、加强技术转化和科学家扩大政策宣传,以更全面地了解真菌疾病出现的生物学和驱动因素,并减轻其影响。在这里,我们重点关注三个领域中新出现的真菌威胁的尖锐例子:人类健康、野生动物生物多样性和粮食安全。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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