When a particle is placed in a material with a lower bulk melting temperature, intermolecular forces can lead to the existence of a “premelted” liquid film of the lower melting temperature material. Despite the system being below the melting temperatures of both solids, the liquid film is a consequence of thermodynamic equilibrium, controlled by intermolecular, ionic and other interactions. An imposed temperature gradient drives the translation of the particle by a process of melting and refreezing known as “thermal regelation”. We calculate the rate of regelation of spherical particles surrounded by premelted films that contain ionic impurities. The impurities enhance the rate of motion thereby influencing the dynamics of single particles and distributions of particles, which we describe in addition to the consequences in natural and technological settings.

中文翻译：

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热胶凝中的杂质影响。

当将粒子放在具有较低整体熔融温度的材料中时，分子间力会导致较低熔融温度材料的“预熔融”液膜的存在。尽管系统的温度低于两种固体的熔融温度，但液膜是热力学平衡的结果，受分子间，离子和其他相互作用的控制。施加的温度梯度通过称为“热胶凝”的熔化和重新冻结过程来驱动粒子的平移。我们计算了包含离子性杂质的预熔膜包围的球形颗粒的胶凝速率。杂质会提高运动速度，从而影响单个颗粒的动力学和颗粒的分布，