Abstract

Obesity represents one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century and is characterized by a multifactorial etiology in which environmental, behavioral, metabolic, and genetic factors work together. Despite the rapid increase in prevalence of obesity in the last decades, especially in children, it remains a preventable disease. To battle obesity a multisector approach promoting healthier lifestyle in terms of physical activity and nutrition is needed. Specifically, biologically active dietary compounds, as polyphenols, are able to modulate the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of obesity and its comorbidities as demonstrated by multiple studies using different obesity models. However, human studies focusing on the transcriptomic modulation by polyphenols in obese patients are still limited and do not often recapitulate the results obtained in preclinical setting likely due to the underestimation of some variables such as bioavailability, dose and form (native vs. metabolized) of polyphenols used. The aim of this review is to summarize the state-of-art of nutrigenomic in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies as well as clinical trials based on dietary polyphenols to fight obesity. We also critical discuss the variables to be considered to fill the gap between preclinical and clinical settings.

摘要

肥胖是21世纪最重要的公共卫生挑战之一，其特点是多种因素的病因，其中环境，行为，代谢和遗传因素共同作用。尽管在过去的几十年中，尤其是在儿童中，肥胖的发病率迅速增加，但它仍然是可预防的疾病。为了与肥胖作斗争，需要采取多种措施来促进体育锻炼和营养方面的健康生活方式。具体来说，具有生物活性的饮食化合物（如多酚）能够调节与肥胖及其合并症的发生，发展有关的基因的表达，这已通过使用不同肥胖模型的多项研究得到证明。然而，专注于肥胖患者多酚转录组调控的人类研究仍然有限，并且常常无法概括临床前环境中获得的结果，这可能是由于所用多酚的某些变量（例如生物利用度，剂量和形式（天然或代谢））被低估了。这篇综述的目的是总结基于饮食多酚对抗肥胖症的营养学体外，体内和离体研究以及临床试验的最新技术。我们还批判性地讨论了要考虑的变量，以填补临床前和临床环境之间的空白。这篇综述的目的是总结基于饮食多酚对抗肥胖症的营养学体外，体内和离体研究以及临床试验的最新技术。我们还批判性地讨论了要考虑的变量，以填补临床前和临床环境之间的空白。这篇综述的目的是总结基于饮食多酚对抗肥胖症的营养学体外，体内和离体研究以及临床试验的最新技术。我们还批判性地讨论了要考虑的变量，以填补临床前和临床环境之间的空白。