Bioactive glass scaffolds are used in bone and tissue biomedical implants, and there is great interest in their fabrication by additive manufacturing/3D printing techniques, such as robocasting. Scaffolds need to be macroporous with voids ≥100 m to allow cell growth and vascularization, biocompatible and bioactive, with mechanical properties matching the host tissue (cancellous bone for bone implants), and able to dissolve/resorb over time. Most bioactive glasses are based on silica to form the glass network, with calcium and phosphorous content for new bone growth, and a glass modifier such as sodium, the best known being 45S5 Bioglass^®. 45S5 scaffolds were first robocast in 2013 from melt-quenched glass powder. Sol–gel-synthesized bioactive glasses have potential advantages over melt-produced glasses (e.g., greater porosity and bioactivity), but until recently were never robocast as scaffolds, due to inherent problems, until 2019 when high-silica-content sol–gel bioactive glasses (HSSGG) were robocast for the first time. In this review, we look at the sintering, porosity, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties of robocast sol–gel bioactive glass scaffolds and compare them to the reported results for robocast melt-quench-synthesized 45S5 Bioglass^® scaffolds. The discussion includes formulation of the printing paste/ink and the effects of variations in scaffold morphology and inorganic additives/dopants.

中文翻译：

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Robocasting溶胶-凝胶法和熔融淬火法制备的生物活性玻璃支架的比较

生物活性玻璃支架用于骨骼和组织生物医学植入物中，并且通过增材制造/ 3D打印技术（例如机器人铸造）对其制造引起了极大的兴趣。支架必须是大孔的，且孔隙≥100 um，以允许细胞生长和血管形成，具有生物相容性和生物活性，其机械性能与宿主组织（用于骨植入物的松质骨）相匹配，并且能够随时间溶解/吸收。大多数生物活性玻璃是基于二氧化硅形成玻璃网络，与钙和用于新骨生长的磷含量，和玻璃改性剂，例如钠，其中最著名的45S5骼^®。45S5脚手架于2013年首次使用熔融淬火的玻璃粉进行了机器人广播。溶胶-凝胶合成的生物活性玻璃比熔融生产的玻璃具有潜在的优势（例如，更高的孔隙率和生物活性），但由于固有的问题，直到2019年高二氧化硅含量的溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃才由于固有问题而从未被用作支架材料。眼镜（HSSGG）首次自动播出。在这次审查中，我们来看看烧结，孔隙率，生物活性，生物相容性和robocast溶胶-凝胶生物活性玻璃支架的机械性能和比较他们的robocast熔融淬火合成45S5骼报告结果^®支架。讨论内容包括印刷浆料/油墨的配方以及支架形态和无机添加剂/掺杂剂变化的影响。