A sequence of three lignite seams and interlayering carbonaceous mudstone is characterized by geochemical proxies. The study is extended by the palaeoenvironmental details given by the fossil fauna (gastropods, ostracods, and fishes). The predominant minerals (quartz and kaolinite) and main oxide relations of the carbonaceous mudstone point to sand and clay washed from weathered and/or altered felsic rocks from the catchment area. The mudstone features to deposition from suspension in standing or slow to persistently moving fresh waters at the bottom of the core log, and slightly aerated, warm, fresh to low saline, acidic to alkaline waters on the top. Three communities of organisms are depicted. The first is the pre‐swamp environment characterized by standing or slow moving fresh waters and detrital organic matter deposition. The second is the environment of swamp of detrital forest trunks. Depending on the climate and water table, the main forest communities are of trees of families Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae, and Podocarpaceae accompanied by trees of family Betulaceae, and herbaceous plants. Different Sphagnum species are also abundant. The dry/cold environment is reflected in the herbaceous organic matter deposition. Polar terpenoids ratio differentiates slight climatic oscillations for the samples with a strong Gymnospermae dominance. The second coal seam development reflects the optimum tectonic conditions for peat growth in a cold and dry climate leading up to 25 m lignite deposition. The third is the moss swamp environment with very fluctuating elements. At the top of the log, a Sphagnum‐dominated peat has developed.

中文翻译：

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保加利亚中新世-上新世Maritsa Iztok盆地的氟湖相岩心测井的地球化学替代古环境评价

一组三个褐煤煤层和一个夹层碳质泥岩的特征是地球化学代理。化石动物群（腹足类，成骨类和鱼类）给出的古环境细节扩大了该研究的范围。碳质泥岩的主要矿物（石英和高岭石）和主要的氧化物关系指向从集水区风化和/或蚀变的长英质岩石冲刷的沙子和粘土。泥岩的特征是从岩心底部的静止或缓慢悬浮到持续运动的淡水沉积，以及顶部略微充气，温暖，新鲜至低盐度，酸性至碱性的沉积。描绘了三个生物群落。第一个是沼泽前的环境，其特征在于淡水停滞或运动缓慢，有机物沉积物有害。第二是碎屑森林树干的沼泽环境。根据气候和地下水位的不同，主要的森林群落包括柏科，紫杉科和罗汉松科的树木，以及桦木科和草本植物。不同泥炭藓种类也丰富。干燥/寒冷的环境反映在草本有机物的沉积中。极萜类化合物的比率区分了具有强烈裸子植物优势的样品的轻微气候振荡。第二个煤层的发育反映了在寒冷和干燥的气候中，泥炭生长的最佳构造条件，导致高达25 m的褐煤沉积。第三是苔藓沼泽环境，其元素波动很大。在原木的顶部，形成了以泥炭藓为主的泥炭。