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Weed control in natural grasslands: A case study using a perennial native forb from the South American Campos
Austral Ecology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-21 , DOI: 10.1111/aec.12904
Amparo Quiñones Dellepiane 1, 2 , Fernando A. Lattanzi 3 , Néstor E. Saldain 1 , Felipe Lezama 2
Affiliation  

Management of native weeds in natural grasslands is a challenging task. Often, recommendations are based on short‐term studies of the response of weed cover and density to different control methods. However, perennial species well adapted to disturbances typically recover from commonly used control techniques. In this long‐term study, we focused on a rosette native to the South American Campos: Eryngium horridum Malme (Apiaceae). This plant is strongly avoided by cattle due to its spiny leaves and tends to form dense patches, reducing the available grazing area. We aimed at understanding how key demographic processes, such as size‐related plant survival and seedling establishment, are affected by different control treatments. For this, E. horridum cover, density and size structure were assessed over three years in response to mechanical, chemical and integrated (mechanical + chemical) control methods. In a field experiment, we used a weighted rim and a wiper applicator with 2,4‐D + picloram for the mechanical and chemical control, respectively. Cover was reduced by control treatments (‘control phase’), but this was not sustained in the long term (‘recovery phase’). Regardless of the method used, control success was closely related to effects on population size structure. Mortality was high and rapid in large rosettes, which effectively led to a rapid and widespread cover reduction in all control treatments. However, only herbicide reduced rosette density delaying the recovery phase. Seedling density was low during the experimental period and scarcely affected by treatments. We conclude that cover reduction depends on removing all large rosettes, but recovery is related both to the size of the remaining pool of small rosettes and to the ability of buried rhizomes to resprout. Finally, we highlight the importance of finding a balance between productive goals and biodiversity conservation. In that context, integrated control successfully reduced cover, delayed recovery and minimised the amount of herbicide used.

中文翻译:

天然草原的杂草控制:以南美坎普斯多年生原生植物为例的案例研究

在天然草原上管理本地杂草是一项艰巨的任务。通常,建议基于对杂草覆盖率和密度对不同控制方法的响应的短期研究。但是,很容易适应干扰的多年生物种通常会从常用的控制技术中恢复过来。在这项长期研究中,我们重点研究了南美Campos特有的莲座丛:刺芹Eryngium horridum) Malme(A科)。牛由于其多刺的叶子而极力避免这种植物,并倾向于形成致密的斑块,从而减少了可用的放牧面积。我们旨在了解关键的人口统计过程(例如与大小相关的植物存活和幼苗生长)如何受到不同控制措施的影响。为此,horridum根据机械,化学和综合(机械+化学)控制方法,在三年内评估了覆盖率,密度和尺寸结构。在现场实验中,我们分别使用了配重轮辋和带有2,4-D +吡咯烷的刮水器进行机械和化学控制。对照治疗(“对照期”)可减少覆盖率,但长期(“恢复期”)并不能持续。无论使用哪种方法,控制成功与人口规模结构的影响都密切相关。大型莲座丛中的死亡率很高且很快,这有效地导致了所有对照治疗中覆盖物的迅速大量减少。但是,只有除草剂降低了莲座丛的密度,延迟了恢复阶段。在实验期间,幼苗密度低,几乎不受处理的影响。我们得出的结论是,减少覆盖物取决于去除所有大的玫瑰花结,但是恢复与剩余的小玫瑰花结池的大小以及埋藏的根茎重萌芽的能力有关。最后,我们强调了在生产目标和生物多样性保护之间寻求平衡的重要性。在这种情况下,综合防治成功地减少了覆盖率,延缓了恢复工作,并使除草剂的使用量降至最低。
更新日期:2020-05-21
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