Main conclusion The vacuolar membrane is an essential component in protecting the plant cell from stress factors. Different variations in the tonoplast lipid content, which depend on the type of stress, have been reviewed. Abstract The lipid content of vacuolar membranes of beet roots ( Beta vulgaris L.) under hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic and oxidative types of stress has been studied. These types of stress induce variations in the content of almost all the classes of studied lipids (phospholipids, glycoglycerolipids, sterols and fatty acids). The variations, which are characteristic of a single stress, include the variations (i) in the content of individual glycoglycerolipids and in their total content, (ii) in the total content of sterols, and (iii) in the ratio of content of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine in the scope of tonoplast phospholipids. Variations observed under all of the types of stress under scrutiny include (i) variations in the content of fatty acids of tonoplast lipids, (ii) some decrease in the content of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine, and (iii) variations in the content of individual sterols. Stigmasterol, campesterol, as well as the stigmasterol/sitosterol ratio increased in varying degrees under all of the types of stress. The most substantial variations have been observed in the content of sterols under abiotic stress. This is probably due to role of sterols in regulation of such membrane characteristics as permeability and microviscosity. In our opinion, sterols may represent one of the main components of tonoplast adaptive mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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非生物胁迫下液泡膜脂质含量的变化

主要结论 液泡膜是保护植物细胞免受应激因素影响的重要组成部分。已经审查了取决于压力类型的液泡膜脂质含量的不同变化。摘要 研究了低渗、高渗和氧化胁迫下甜菜根液泡膜的脂质含量。这些类型的压力会导致几乎所有类型的研究脂质（磷脂、糖甘油脂、甾醇和脂肪酸）的含量发生变化。这些变化是单一压力的特征，包括 (i) 单个糖甘油脂含量及其总含量的变化，(ii) 甾醇总含量的变化，(iii)液泡膜磷脂范围内的磷脂酰胆碱/磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量比。在所有类型的压力下观察到的变化包括（i）液泡膜脂质脂肪酸含量的变化，（ii）磷脂酸和磷脂酰乙醇胺含量的一些降低，以及（iii）个体含量的变化甾醇。豆甾醇、菜油甾醇以及豆甾醇/谷甾醇比值在各种胁迫下均有不同程度的升高。在非生物胁迫下，甾醇含量的变化最为显着。这可能是由于甾醇在调节诸如渗透性和微粘度等膜特性中的作用。在我们看来，