PURPOSE Approximately 50% of men reporting to clinics for assisted reproduction have abnormal sperm parameters; we therefore considered whether they differ from fertile males in terms of the frequency of KIR and HLA-C genes, suggesting the involvement of NK cells and some T cells in the inflammatory reaction that can occur in the testes, vas deferens, or epididymis. METHOD We tested a total of 1064 men: 445 of them were patients who, together with their female partners, participated in in vitro fertilization (IVF), 298 men whose female partners suffered from recurrent spontaneous abortion. Three hundred twenty-one fertile men constituted the control group. KIRs were genotyped using KIR Ready Gene kits and HLA-C by PCR-SSP methods. RESULTS We found differences in KIR gene frequencies between men who became fathers via natural conception and men who participated in in vitro fertilization for KIR2DL2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0015/0.035, OR = 1.61), KIR2DL5 gr.2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0023/0.05, OR = 1.64), KIR2DS2 (p/pcorr. = 0.0019/0.044, OR = 1.59), and KIR2DS3 (p/pcorr. = 0.0016/0.037, OR = 1.67). KIRs in Cen AA region were significantly overrepresented in fertile males than in IVF males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 0.67), whereas Cen AB + Cen BB frequency was higher in IVF males than in fertile males (p/pcorr. = 0.0076/0.03, OR = 1.50). We also observed a limited association in KIR-HLA-C combinations. CONCLUSION Fertile men differ in profile of KIR genes and KIR-HLA-C combinations from men participating in IVF.

中文翻译：

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男性不育中的KIR和HLA-C基因。

目的约有50％向诊所报告以辅助生殖的男性精子参数异常。因此，我们考虑了在KIR和HLA-C基因的发生频率上它们是否与可育男性不同，这表明NK细胞和某些T细胞参与了睾丸，输精管或附睾可能发生的炎症反应。方法我们测试了总共1064名男性：其中445名患者及其女性伴侣参加了体外受精（IVF），其中298名男性伴侣遭受了自然流产。对照组为312名可育男人。使用KIR Ready Gene试剂盒和HLA-C通过PCR-SSP方法对KIR进行基因分型。结果我们发现通过自然受孕成为父亲的男性与参加体外受精的KIR2DL2（p / pcorr。= 0.0015 / 0.035，OR = 1.61），KIR2DL5 gr.2（p / pcorr。 = 0.0023 / 0.05，或= 1.64），KIR2DS2（p / pcorr。= 0.0019 / 0.044，OR = 1.59）和KIR2DS3（p / pcorr。= 0.0016 / 0.037，OR = 1.67）。在可育男性中，Cen AA区域的KIR显着高于在IVF男性中（p / pcorr。= 0.0076 / 0.03，OR = 0.67），而在IVF男性中，Cen AB + Cen BB频率高于可育男性（p / pcorr = 0.0076 / 0.03，或= 1.50）。我们还观察到KIR-HLA-C组合中的关联有限。结论可育男性与参与试管婴儿的男性在KIR基因和KIR-HLA-C组合方面存在差异。OR = 1.61），KIR2DL5 gr.2（p / pcorr。= 0.0023 / 0.05，OR = 1.64），KIR2DS2（p / pcorr。= 0.0019 / 0.044，OR = 1.59）和KIR2DS3（p / pcorr。= 0.0016 / 0.037，或= 1.67）。在可育男性中，Cen AA区域的KIR显着高于在IVF男性中（p / pcorr。= 0.0076 / 0.03，OR = 0.67），而在IVF男性中，Cen AB + Cen BB频率高于可育男性（p / pcorr = 0.0076 / 0.03，或= 1.50）。我们还观察到KIR-HLA-C组合中的关联有限。结论可育男性与参与试管婴儿的男性在KIR基因和KIR-HLA-C组合方面存在差异。OR = 1.61），KIR2DL5 gr.2（p / pcorr。= 0.0023 / 0.05，OR = 1.64），KIR2DS2（p / pcorr。= 0.0019 / 0.044，OR = 1.59）和KIR2DS3（p / pcorr。= 0.0016 / 0.037，或= 1.67）。在可育男性中，Cen AA区域的KIR显着高于在IVF男性中（p / pcorr。= 0.0076 / 0.03，OR = 0.67），而在IVF男性中，Cen AB + Cen BB频率高于可育男性（p / pcorr = 0.0076 / 0.03，或= 1.50）。我们还观察到KIR-HLA-C组合中的关联有限。结论可育男性与参与试管婴儿的男性在KIR基因和KIR-HLA-C组合方面存在差异。OR = 0.67），而IVF男性的Cen AB + Cen BB频率高于可育男性（p / pcorr。= 0.0076 / 0.03，OR = 1.50）。我们还观察到KIR-HLA-C组合中的关联有限。结论可育男性与参与试管婴儿的男性在KIR基因和KIR-HLA-C组合方面存在差异。OR = 0.67），而IVF男性的Cen AB + Cen BB频率高于可育男性（p / pcorr。= 0.0076 / 0.03，OR = 1.50）。我们还观察到KIR-HLA-C组合中的关联有限。结论可育男性与参与试管婴儿的男性在KIR基因和KIR-HLA-C组合方面存在差异。