Abstract Genetic sequencing of polioviruses detected through clinical and environmental surveillance is used to confirm detection, identify their likely origin, track geographic patterns of spread, and determine the appropriate vaccination response. The critical importance of genetic sequencing and analysis to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has grown with the increasing incidence of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) infections in Africa specifically (470 reported cases in 2019), and globally, alongside persistent transmission of serotype 1 wild-type poliovirus in Pakistan and Afghanistan (197 reported cases in 2019). Adapting what has been learned about the virus genetics and evolution to address these threats has been a major focus of recent work. Here, we review how phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods have been used to trace the spread of wild-type polioviruses and identify the likely origins of VDPVs. We highlight the analysis methods and sequencing technology currently used and the potential for new technologies to speed up poliovirus detection and the interpretation of genetic data. At a pivotal point in the eradication campaign with the threat of anti-vaccine sentiment and donor and public fatigue, innovation is critical to maintain drive and overcome the last remaining circulating virus.

中文翻译：

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基因测序和分析在脊髓灰质炎根除计划中的作用

摘要 通过临床和环境监测检测到的脊髓灰质炎病毒的基因测序用于确认检测、确定其可能的来源、跟踪传播的地理模式并确定适当的疫苗接种反应。随着疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (VDPV) 感染在非洲的发病率不断增加（2019 年报告了 470 例病例），基因测序和分析对全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动的重要性日益增加，同时在全球范围内，随着血清型 1 野生的持续传播巴基斯坦和阿富汗的脊髓灰质炎病毒（2019 年报告病例 197 例）。调整对病毒遗传学和进化的了解以应对这些威胁一直是近期工作的主要焦点。这里，我们回顾了如何使用系统发育和系统地理学方法来追踪野生型脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播并确定 VDPV 的可能起源。我们强调了目前使用的分析方法和测序技术，以及新技术在加速脊髓灰质炎病毒检测和遗传数据解释方面的潜力。在根除运动的关键时刻，面临着反疫苗情绪以及捐赠者和公众疲劳的威胁，创新对于保持动力和克服最后剩下的传播病毒至关重要。