Rapid evolution of weed biological control agents (BCAs) to new biotic and abiotic conditions is poorly understood and so far, only little considered both in pre-release and post-release studies, despite potential major negative or positive implications for risks of non-targeted attacks or for colonizing yet unsuitable habitats, respectively. Provision of genetic resources, such as assembled and annotated genomes, is essential to assess potential adaptive processes by identifying underlying genetic mechanisms. Here, we provide the first sequenced genome of a phytophagous insect used as a BCA, i.e. the leaf beetle Ophraella communa, a promising BCA of common ragweed, recently and accidentally introduced into Europe. A total 33.98 Gb of raw DNA sequences, representing c. 43-fold coverage, were obtained using the PacBio SMRT-Cell sequencing approach. Among the five different assemblers tested, the SMARTdenovo assembly displaying the best scores was then corrected with Illumina short reads. A final genome of 774 Mb containing 7,003 scaffolds was obtained. The reliability of the final assembly was then assessed by benchmarking universal single-copy orthologous genes (> 96.0% of the 1,658 expected insect genes) and by remapping tests of Illumina short reads (average of 98.6% ± 0.7% without filtering). The number of protein-coding genes of 75,642, representing 82% of the published antennal transcriptome, and the phylogenetic analyses based on 825 orthologous genes placing O. communa in the monophyletic group of Chrysomelidae, confirm the relevance of our genome assembly. Overall, the genome provides a valuable resource for studying potential risks and benefits of this BCA facing environmental novelties.

中文翻译：

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豚草叶甲虫的基因组组装：向更好地预测杂草生物防治剂向环境新事物的快速发展迈出了一步。

杂草生物控制剂（BCA）迅速进化为新的生物和非生物条件的了解甚少，到目前为止，尽管对非目标性疾病的风险可能产生重大的负面或正面影响，但在释放前和释放后研究中都很少考虑袭击或定居但又不合适的栖息地。提供遗传资源，例如组装的和带注释的基因组，对于通过识别潜在的遗传机制评估潜在的适应性过程至关重要。在这里，我们提供了用作BCA的植物噬菌体昆虫的第一个测序基因组，即叶甲虫Ophraella communa，这是一种有前途的常见豚草BCA，最近被偶然引入欧洲。总共33.98 Gb的原始DNA序列，代表c。使用PacBio SMRT-Cell测序方法可获得43倍的覆盖率。在测试的五种不同的组装机中，显示最佳分数的SMARTdenovo组装机随后用Illumina短读进行了纠正。获得了包含7003个支架的774 Mb的最终基因组。然后，通过对通用单拷贝直系同源基因（占1,658个预期昆虫基因的96.0％）进行基准测试，并通过对Illumina短读的重新映射测试（未经过滤的平均值为98.6％±0.7％）来评估最终装配的可靠性。蛋白质编码基因的数量为75,642，占已发表的触角转录组的82％，并且基于825个直系同源基因（将O. communa置于金眼梅科的单基因组中）的系统发育分析证实了我们基因组装配的相关性。总体，