Introduction

Renal carcinoma, and in particular its most common variant, the clear cell subtype, is often diagnosed incidentally through abdominal imaging and frequently, the tumor is discovered at an early stage. However, 20% to 40% of patients undergoing nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cancer, even after accurate histological and clinical classification, will develop metastasis or recurrence, justifying the associated mortality rate. Therefore, even if renal carcinoma is not among the most frequent nor deadly cancers, a better prognostication is needed.

Areas covered

Recently proteomics or other omics combinations have been applied to both cancer tissues, on the neoplasia itself and surrounding microenvironment, cultured cells, and biological fluids (so-called liquid biopsy) generating a list of prognostic molecular tools that will be reviewed in the present paper.

Expert opinion

Although promising, none of the approaches listed above has been yet translated in clinics. This is likely due to the peculiar genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this cancer, which makes nearly each tumor different from all the others. Attempts to overcome this issue will be also revised. In particular, we will discuss how the application of omics-integrated approaches could provide the determinants of response to the different targeted drugs.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质组学和多组学研究在肾癌中的预后意义。

介绍

肾癌，尤其是其最常见的变体，透明细胞亚型，通常是通过腹部成像偶然诊断出来的，而且常常在早期发现肿瘤。但是，即使经过精确的组织学和临床分类，仍有20％至40％的接受局部肾脏癌切除术的患者会发生转移或复发，从而证明相关的死亡率是合理的。因此，即使肾癌不是最常见或致命的癌症之一，也需要更好的预后。

覆盖区域

最近，蛋白质组学或其他组学组合已应用于肿瘤组织本身和周围的微环境，培养的细胞和生物体液（所谓的液体活检）这两种癌症组织上，产生了一系列预后分子工具，本文将对此进行综述。 。

专家意见

尽管很有希望，但上述方法尚未在临床上得到翻译。这可能是由于该癌症的特殊遗传和表型异质性，这使得几乎每个肿瘤都与其他肿瘤不同。克服此问题的尝试也将进行修订。尤其是，我们将讨论组学集成方法的应用如何提供对不同靶向药物反应的决定因素。