OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training in a population of stroke patients. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and CNKI databases were searched for clinical trials up to December 2019. STUDY SELECTION Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English met the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted and assessed for accuracy by two reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved after discussions with an independent third reviewer. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane bias tool. DATA SYNTHESIS The meta-analysis showed increased maximal inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.88, 95% CI: 0.62 - 1.15, P < 0.001; at the 12-week follow-up period: SMD 0.94, 95% CI: 0.42 - 1.45, P < 0.001); maximal expiratory pressure (SMD 0.83, 95% CI: 0.15 - 1.52, P = 0.017; at the 12-week follow-up period: SMD 0.99, 95% CI: 0.47 - 1.51, P < 0.001); forced expiratory volume in 1 s (SMD = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.57 - 2.24, P = 0.001), forced vital capacity (SMD = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.55 - 2.16, P < 0.001), peak expiratory flow (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.16 - 1.32, P = 0.013), 6-minute walk test (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.11 - 1.23, P = 0.020), and decreased respiratory complications (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 - 1.00, P = 0.050) compared with no respiratory intervention or a sham intervention. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory muscle training improved post-stroke muscle strength and the benefits were carried over for up to 12-weeks, including improved lung function, walking capacity and a reduced risk of respiratory impediments.

中文翻译：

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呼吸肌训练可提高中风幸存者的力量并降低呼吸系统并发症的风险：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的评估呼吸肌训练对脑卒中患者的影响。数据来源 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆、CINAHL 和 CNKI 数据库检索了截至 2019 年 12 月的临床试验。 研究选择 9 项英文发表的随机对照试验 (RCT) 符合纳入标准。数据提取 数据由两名审查员提取并评估其准确性。在与独立的第三方审查员讨论后解决了任何分歧。使用 Cochrane 偏倚工具评估纳入的 RCT 的质量。数据综合 荟萃分析显示最大吸气压力增加（SMD 0.88，95% CI：0.62 - 1.15，P < 0.001；在 12 周随访期间：SMD 0.94，95% CI：0.42 - 1.45，P < 0.001); 最大呼气压力 (SMD 0.83, 95% CI: 0.15 - 1.52, P = 0.017; 12 周随访期：SMD 0.99，95% CI：0.47 - 1.51，P < 0.001）；1 秒内用力呼气量（SMD = 1.41，95% CI：0.57 - 2.24，P = 0.001），用力肺活量（SMD = 1.36，95% CI：0.55 - 2.16，P < 0.001），峰值呼气流量（SMD） = 0.74，95% CI：0.16 - 1.32，P = 0.013），6 分钟步行测试（SMD = 0.67，95% CI：0.11 - 1.23，P = 0.020），减少呼吸系统并发症（OR = 0.55，95%） CI：0.30 - 1.00，P = 0.050）与无呼吸干预或假干预相比。结论 呼吸肌训练可改善中风后肌肉力量，其益处可延续长达 12 周，包括改善肺功能、行走能力和降低呼吸障碍风险。95% CI: 0.57 - 2.24, P = 0.001), 用力肺活量 (SMD = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.55 - 2.16, P < 0.001), 最大呼气流量 (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.32, - P = 0.013)、6 分钟步行测试 (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.11 - 1.23, P = 0.020) 和减少呼吸系统并发症 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 - 1.00, P = 0.050)没有呼吸干预或假干预。结论 呼吸肌训练可改善中风后肌肉力量，其益处可延续长达 12 周，包括改善肺功能、行走能力和降低呼吸障碍风险。95% CI: 0.57 - 2.24, P = 0.001), 用力肺活量 (SMD = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.55 - 2.16, P < 0.001), 最大呼气流量 (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.32, - P = 0.013)、6 分钟步行测试 (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.11 - 1.23, P = 0.020) 和减少呼吸系统并发症 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.30 - 1.00, P = 0.050)没有呼吸干预或假干预。结论 呼吸肌训练可改善中风后肌肉力量，其益处可延续长达 12 周，包括改善肺功能、行走能力和降低呼吸障碍风险。与无呼吸干预或假干预相比，呼吸并发症减少（OR = 0.55，95% CI：0.30 - 1.00，P = 0.050）。结论 呼吸肌训练可改善中风后肌肉力量，其益处可延续长达 12 周，包括改善肺功能、行走能力和降低呼吸障碍风险。与无呼吸干预或假干预相比，呼吸并发症减少（OR = 0.55，95% CI：0.30 - 1.00，P = 0.050）。结论 呼吸肌训练可改善中风后肌肉力量，其益处可延续长达 12 周，包括改善肺功能、行走能力和降低呼吸障碍风险。