Powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici , ( Bgt )) is an important worldwide fungal foliar disease of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) responsible for severe yield losses. The development of resistance genes and dissection of the resistance mechanism will therefore be beneficial in wheat breeding. The Bgt resistance gene PmAS846 was transferred to the hexaploid wheat lines N9134 from Triticum dicoccoides , and it is still one of the most effective resistance genes. Here, by RNA sequencing, we identified three co-expressed gene modules using pairwise comparisons and weighted gene co-expression network analysis during wheat– Bgt interactions compared with mock-infected plants. Hub genes of stress-specific modules were significantly enriched in spliceosomes, phagosomes, the mRNA surveillance pathway, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and endocytosis. Induced module genes located on chromosome 5BL were selected to construct a protein–protein interaction network. Several proteins were predicted as the key hub node, including Hsp70, DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase PRH75, elongation factor EF-2, cell division cycle 5, ARF guanine-nucleotide exchange factor GNOM-like, and protein phosphatase 2C 70 protein, which interacted with several disease resistance proteins such as RLP37, RPP13 and RPS2 analogues. Gene ontology enrichment results showed that wheat could activate binding functional genes via an mRNA transcription mechanism in response to Bgt stress. Of these node genes, GNOM-like, PP2C isoform X1 and transmembrane 9 superfamily member 9 were mapped onto the genetic fragment of PmAS846 with a distance of 4.8 Mb. This work provides the foundations for understanding the resistance mechanism and cloning the resistance gene PmAS846 .

中文翻译：

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基因共表达网络分析为小麦对白粉病胁迫的动态响应提供了新的见解

白粉病 (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici, (Bgt)) 是一种重要的全球性小麦 (Triticum aestivum) 叶面真菌病害，导致严重的产量损失。因此，抗性基因的开发和抗性机制的剖析将有利于小麦育种。将Bgt抗性基因PmAS846转移到小麦六倍体小麦品系N9134中，至今仍是最有效的抗性基因之一。在这里，通过 RNA 测序，与模拟感染的植物相比，我们在小麦-Bgt 相互作用期间使用成对比较和加权基因共表达网络分析确定了三个共表达的基因模块。应激特异性模块的枢纽基因在剪接体、吞噬体、mRNA 监视途径、内质网中的蛋白质加工和内吞作用。选择位于染色体5BL上的诱导模块基因构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络。几种蛋白质被预测为关键的枢纽节点，包括 Hsp70、DEAD/DEAH 盒 RNA 解旋酶 PRH75、延伸因子 EF-2、细胞分裂周期 5、ARF 鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子 GNOM 样和蛋白磷酸酶 2C 70 蛋白，其中与几种抗病蛋白相互作用，如 RLP37、RPP13 和 RPS2 类似物。基因本体富集结果表明，小麦可以通过 mRNA 转录机制激活结合功能基因以响应 Bgt 胁迫。在这些节点基因中，GNOM 样、PP2C 同种型 X1 和跨膜 9 超家族成员 9 被定位到 PmAS846 的遗传片段上，距离为 4.8 Mb。