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Colloquium: Bell’s theorem and locally mediated reformulations of quantum mechanics
Reviews of Modern Physics ( IF 44.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1103/revmodphys.92.021002
K. B. Wharton , N. Argaman

Bell’s theorem rules out many potential reformulations of quantum mechanics, but within a generalized framework it does not exclude all locally mediated models. Such models describe the correlations between entangled particles as mediated by intermediate parameters that track the particle worldlines and respect Lorentz covariance. These locally mediated models require the relaxation of an arrow-of-time assumption that is typically taken for granted. Specifically, some of the mediating parameters in these models must functionally depend on measurement settings in their future, i.e., on input parameters associated with later times. This option, often called retrocausal, has been repeatedly pointed out in the literature, but the exploration of explicit locally mediated toy models capable of describing specific entanglement phenomena has begun only in the past decade. A brief survey of such models is included here. These models provide a continuous and consistent description of events associated with spacetime locations, with aspects that are solved “all at once” rather than unfolding from the past to the future. The tension between quantum mechanics and relativity that is usually associated with Bell’s theorem does not occur here. Unlike in conventional quantum models, the number of parameters needed to specify the state of a system does not grow exponentially with the number of entangled particles. The promise of generalizing such models to account for all quantum phenomena is identified as a grand challenge.

中文翻译:

专题讨论会:贝尔定理和量子力学的局部调节公式

贝尔定理排除了量子力学的许多潜在重新表述,但是在广义框架内,它并不排除所有局部介导的模型。这样的模型描述了由跟踪粒子世界线并尊重洛伦兹协方差的中间参数介导的纠缠粒子之间的相关性。这些本地媒介模型需要放宽通常认为是理所当然的时间箭头假设。具体来说,这些模型中的某些中介参数必须在功能上取决于将来的测量设置,即与以后的时间相关的输入参数。此选项通常称为回溯因果关系,在文献中已多次指出,但是,仅在过去十年中才开始探索能够描述特定纠缠现象的显式本地媒介玩具模型。这里包括对此类模型的简要调查。这些模型提供了与时空位置相关的事件的连续且一致的描述,并且各个方面可以“一次全部”解决,而不是从过去到将来展现。通常不会与贝尔定理相关的量子力学和相对论之间的张力在这里不会发生。与传统的量子模型不同,指定系统状态所需的参数数量不会随纠缠粒子的数量呈指数增长。将这种模型推广到所有量子现象的承诺被认为是一个巨大的挑战。这里包括对此类模型的简要调查。这些模型提供了与时空位置相关的事件的连续且一致的描述,并且各个方面可以“一次全部”解决,而不是从过去到将来展现。通常不会与贝尔定理相关的量子力学和相对论之间的张力在这里不会发生。与传统的量子模型不同,指定系统状态所需的参数数量不会随纠缠粒子的数量呈指数增长。将这种模型推广到所有量子现象的承诺被认为是一个巨大的挑战。这里包括对此类模型的简要调查。这些模型提供了与时空位置相关的事件的连续且一致的描述,并且各个方面可以“一次全部”解决,而不是从过去到将来展现。通常不会与贝尔定理相关的量子力学和相对论之间的张力在这里不会发生。与传统的量子模型不同,指定系统状态所需的参数数量不会随纠缠粒子的数量呈指数增长。将这种模型推广到所有量子现象的承诺被认为是一个巨大的挑战。可以“立即”解决的各个方面,而不是从过去展现到未来。通常不会与贝尔定理相关的量子力学和相对论之间的张力在这里不会发生。与传统的量子模型不同,指定系统状态所需的参数数量不会随纠缠粒子的数量呈指数增长。将这种模型推广到所有量子现象的承诺被认为是一个巨大的挑战。可以“立即”解决的各个方面,而不是从过去展现到未来。通常不会与贝尔定理相关的量子力学和相对论之间的张力在这里不会发生。与传统的量子模型不同,指定系统状态所需的参数数量不会随纠缠粒子的数量呈指数增长。将这种模型推广到所有量子现象的承诺被认为是一个巨大的挑战。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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