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Eutrophication, biodiversity loss, and species invasions modify the relationship between host and parasite richness during host community assembly.
Global Change Biology ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-19 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15165
Fletcher W Halliday 1, 2 , Robert W Heckman 2, 3 , Peter A Wilfahrt 4, 5 , Charles E Mitchell 2, 4
Affiliation  

Host and parasite richness are generally positively correlated, but the stability of this relationship in response to global change remains poorly understood. Rapidly changing biotic and abiotic conditions can alter host community assembly, which in turn, can alter parasite transmission. Consequently, if the relationship between host and parasite richness is sensitive to parasite transmission, then changes in host composition under various global change scenarios could strengthen or weaken the relationship between host and parasite richness. To test the hypothesis that host community assembly can alter the relationship between host and parasite richness in response to global change, we experimentally crossed host diversity (biodiversity loss) and resource supply to hosts (eutrophication), then allowed communities to assemble. As previously shown, initial host diversity and resource supply determined the trajectory of host community assembly, altering post‐assembly host species richness, richness‐independent host phylogenetic diversity, and colonization by exotic host species. Overall, host richness predicted parasite richness, and as predicted, this effect was moderated by exotic abundance—communities dominated by exotic species exhibited a stronger positive relationship between post‐assembly host and parasite richness. Ultimately, these results suggest that, by modulating parasite transmission, community assembly can modify the relationship between host and parasite richness. These results thus provide a novel mechanism to explain how global environmental change can generate contingencies in a fundamental ecological relationship—the positive relationship between host and parasite richness.

中文翻译:

富营养化,生物多样性丧失和物种入侵改变了宿主社区组装过程中宿主与寄生虫丰富度之间的关系。

寄主和寄生虫的丰富度通常呈正相关,但这种关系对全球变化的响应的稳定性仍然知之甚少。快速变化的生物和非生物条件会改变宿主群落的组装,进而改变寄生虫的传播。因此,如果寄主与寄生虫丰富度之间的关系对寄生虫传播敏感,那么在各种全球变化情况下寄主成分的变化可能会增强或减弱寄主与寄生虫丰富度之间的关系。为了检验宿主群落组装可以响应全球变化而改变宿主与寄生虫丰富度之间关系的假设,我们实验性地越过了宿主多样性(生物多样性丧失)和宿主资源供应(富营养化),然后允许群落聚集。如前所示,最初的寄主多样性和资源供应决定了寄主群落装配的轨迹,改变了装配后寄主物种的丰富度,独立于丰富度的寄主系统发育多样性以及外来寄主物种的定殖。总体而言,寄主的丰富度可预测寄生虫的丰富度,并且正如所预测的那样,外来物种的丰度可减轻这种影响-外来物种占主导的社区在组装后寄主和寄生虫的丰富度之间表现出更强的正相关。最终,这些结果表明,通过调节寄生虫的传播,群落组装可以改变宿主与寄生虫丰富度之间的关系。
更新日期:2020-05-19
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