This study presents an evaluation of the potential impacts of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Demand Response (DR) on the Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning (GTEP) problem. This is highly essential in order to increase RES penetration in power systems thereby ensuring long term energy security and emissions reduction. GTEP with demand response is jointly considered so as to achieve an optimal expansion strategy for power systems by assisting the system planner make decisions about power system investments in order to meet the desired electricity demand. Therefore, the proposed model considers several levels of DR penetration in the planning system in order to assess its impact on the system performance. A multi-period multi-objective GTEP model was proposed and formulated as a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) Problem. The developed MIQP was solved using the CPLEX 12.8.1 solver and is tested on two practical case studies: IEEE 24-bus and the real-world Nigerian Power system. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the system performance of the proposed model and the results indicate that an increase in penetration of DR resources in the planning procedure causes a decrease in the power generated, emissions and system costs whilst increasing RES utilization in power system.

这项研究提出了对可再生能源（RES）和需求响应（DR）对发电和输电扩展计划（GTEP）问题的潜在影响的评估。为了提高RES在电力系统中的渗透率，从而确保长期的能源安全和减少排放，这是至关重要的。结合考虑具有需求响应的GTEP，以便通过协助系统规划人员做出有关电力系统投资的决策来满足所需的电力需求，从而实现电力系统的最佳扩展策略。因此，提出的模型考虑了计划系统中灾难恢复渗透的几个级别，以便评估其对系统性能的影响。提出了多周期多目标GTEP模型，并将其表示为混合整数二次规划（MIQP）问题。所开发的MIQP使用CPLEX 12.8.1求解器进行了求解，并在两个实际案例研究中进行了测试：IEEE 24-bus和现实世界中的尼日利亚电力系统。对所提出模型的系统性能进行了敏感性分析，结果表明，在规划程序中增加灾难恢复资源的渗透率会导致发电量，排放量和系统成本的降低，同时会增加电力系统中的RES利用率。