The frequency control of an islanded microgrid (MG) consists of primary frequency control (PFC) and secondary frequency control (SFC). This study proposes to use the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), the Photovoltaic (PV) systems and the LED lighting loads (LEDLLs) to quickly intercept the frequency deviation in a coordinated manner in the PFC stage. The PVs decrease their power generation in the case of surplus power generation. The LEDLLs are interfaced with power electronic devices, which realize the adjustment of the LEDLLs luminance at the desired level. The LEDLLs are controlled to decrease (increase) their power consumption in the case of power shortage (surplus) by lowering (rising) their luminance level. A participation factor is considered to use those LEDLLs for PFC with the consumers’ consent to participate in PFC. While the PVs and LEDLLs are participating in the PFC with their maximum capability, the BESS frequency controller is tuned to inject/absorb enough power in both cases to keep the frequency within safe limits. Some batteries are capable of overloading or fast discharging/charging. In this paper, for battery sizing, instead of using its nominal power, a modified overloading characteristics is used, which considerably reduces the required battery size for PFC, and also prevents damaging it during fast discharging/charging. The MG under study is the CIGRE low voltage network, which is used for evaluating the proposed approach. The simulation results show that both the overloading characteristics and the cooperative utilization of the BESS, PVs and LEDLLs reduce the required battery size.

孤岛微电网（MG）的频率控制包括一次频率控制（PFC）和二次频率控制（SFC）。这项研究建议使用电池能量存储系统（BESS），光伏（PV）系统和LED照明负载（LEDLLs）在PFC阶段以协调的方式快速拦截频率偏差。在剩余发电的情况下，PV会减少其发电量。LEDLLs与电力电子设备接口，从而实现将LEDLLs亮度调整到所需水平。通过降低（升高）LEDLLs的亮度水平，可以控制LEDLLs来降低（增加）其功率消耗。在消费者同意参与PFC的情况下，将参与因素视为将这些LEDLL用于PFC。当PV和LEDLL以最大的能力加入PFC时，BESS频率控制器经过调整，可以在两种情况下注入/吸收足够的功率，以将频率保持在安全范围内。一些电池能够过载或快速放电/充电。在本文中，为了调整电池尺寸，而不是使用其标称功率，而是使用一种改进的过载特性，这大大减小了PFC所需的电池尺寸，并且还可以防止在快速放电/充电期间损坏它。研究中的MG是CIGRE低压网络，用于评估所提出的方法。仿真结果表明，BESS，PV和LEDLL的过载特性和协同利用都减少了所需的电池尺寸。