Metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis, uptake, and usage of the nonessential amino acid serine are frequently amplified in cancer. Serine encounters diverse fates in cancer cells, including being charged onto tRNAs for protein synthesis, providing head groups for sphingolipid and phospholipid synthesis, and serving as a precursor for cellular glycine and one-carbon units, which are necessary for nucleotide synthesis and methionine cycle reloading. This review will focus on the participation of serine and glycine in the mitochondrial one-carbon (SGOC) pathway during cancer progression, with an emphasis on the genetic and epigenetic determinants that drive SGOC gene expression. We will discuss recently elucidated roles for SGOC metabolism in nucleotide synthesis, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modifications. Finally, therapeutic considerations for targeting SGOC metabolism in the clinic will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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癌症中丝氨酸、甘氨酸和一碳代谢的重编程。

导致非必需氨基酸丝氨酸合成、摄取和使用的代谢途径在癌症中经常被放大。丝氨酸在癌细胞中遭遇多种命运，包括被带入 tRNA 进行蛋白质合成，为鞘脂和磷脂合成提供头基，并作为细胞甘氨酸和一碳单位的前体，这是核苷酸合成和蛋氨酸循环重新加载所必需的. 本综述将重点关注丝氨酸和甘氨酸在癌症进展过程中参与线粒体一碳 (SGOC) 途径，重点是驱动 SGOC 基因表达的遗传和表观遗传决定因素。我们将讨论最近阐明的 SGOC 代谢在核苷酸合成、氧化还原平衡、线粒体功能和表观遗传修饰中的作用。最后，