Background

Allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis have increased considerably in the last decades.

Objective

The present study estimates prevalence trends of asthma, allergic rhinitis and pollinosis in the population of a city of Southern Brazil, without restriction of age, from 2011 to 2018, using the ISAAC standardized questionnaire.

Methods

Data was collected from March to June of 2011 and during the same months in 2018, in order to verify trends in the prevalence of these allergic conditions. The total sample consisted of 3132 individuals of both sexes living in the municipality of Santo Ângelo, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Results

No differences were observed in the prevalence of asthma diagnosis (15.1% in 2011 and 13.8% in 2018), however the prevalence of current wheeze was significantly reduced from 24.7% in 2011 to 21.2% in 2018 (p < 0.05). Regarding allergic conditions in 2011 and in 2018, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.001) in reported current rhinitis (63.3% vs. 50.5%), rhinoconjunctivitis (48.9% vs. 38.8%), hay fever (52.0% vs. 43.3%), and pollinosis (29.0% vs 17.0%). Moreover, we observed an inverse relation between age and rhinoconjunctivitis and hay fever, and all symptoms were more frequent in females. Rhinoconjunctivitis and hay fever, as well as current rhinitis and pollinosis were highly prevalent among 30–39 years-old individuals, whereas current wheeze affected mainly the age group 10–19 years-old.

Conclusion

While the prevalence of asthma remained similar after seven years, allergic rhinitis and pollinosis declined between 2011 and 2018.

中文翻译：

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巴西某城市哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和花粉症的患病率：一项监测研究。

背景

在过去的几十年里，哮喘和过敏性鼻炎等过敏性呼吸道疾病显着增加。

客观的

本研究使用 ISAAC 标准化问卷估计了 2011 年至 2018 年巴西南部城市人口中哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和花粉症的流行趋势，不受年龄限制。

方法

数据收集于 2011 年 3 月至 6 月以及 2018 年同期，以验证这些过敏性疾病的流行趋势。总样本包括居住在巴西南里奥格兰德州 Santo Ângelo 市的 3132 名男女。

结果

哮喘诊断的患病率没有观察到差异（2011 年为 15.1%，2018 年为 13.8%），但是当前喘息的患病率从 2011 年的 24.7% 显着降低到 2018 年的 21.2%（p  < 0.05）。关于 2011 年和 2018 年的过敏状况，观察到显着减少（p < 0.001) 在报告的当前鼻炎（63.3% 对 50.5%）、鼻结膜炎（48.9% 对 38.8%）、花粉热（52.0% 对 43.3%）和花粉症（29.0% 对 17.0%）中。此外，我们观察到年龄与鼻结膜炎和花粉症呈负相关，所有症状在女性中更为常见。鼻结膜炎和花粉热，以及当前的鼻炎和花粉症在 30-39 岁的人群中非常普遍，而当前的喘息主要影响 10-19 岁的年龄组。

结论

虽然哮喘的患病率在七年后保持相似，但过敏性鼻炎和花粉症在 2011 年至 2018 年间有所下降。