The maintenance of ionic homeostasis in the cytoplasm is an essential and crucial physiological process for all living beings. At cellular level, Na+ concentrations are maintained by specialized Na+ transporting molecular machines, which operate in the cell or plasma membrane. In eukaryotes Na+ transporting P-type ATPase play an important role in Na+ homeostasis that is known as Na+/K+-ATPase in animal cells in which K+ acts as a counter ion for the exchange of sodium. Na+/K+-ATPase is not found in plants. In plants and fungi, proton gradients are maintained by plasma membrane H+-ATPase while in animal cells Na+ and K+ gradient is maintained by Na+/K+-ATPase. However, in case of algae, a few reports of Na+/K+-ATPase are available, that maintains optimum concentration gradients in the cytoplasm and is used by Na+/H+ antiporter to exchange of Na+ and H+ ions. The membrane potential derived as a result of ion gradients across the membrane is base for a variety of cellular processes. An active Na+ dependent cycle (P-type ATPase) is scarcely reported in algae as compared to marine bacteria/cyanobacteria and animals. The characterization of these transporter gene-encoding membrane transports in seaweed would contribute to the understanding of abiotic stress tolerance in these organisms. This review highlights the detailed account of algal along with animal type Na+-ATPase i.e. occurrence, properties, significance and their recent progress.

中文翻译：

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Na+/K+-ATPase 是一种主要的膜转运蛋白：特别参考藻类的概述和最新进展。

维持细胞质中的离子稳态是所有生物必不可少的重要生理过程。在细胞水平上，Na+ 浓度由专门的 Na+ 转运分子机器维持，这些机器在细胞或质膜中运行。在真核生物中，Na+ 转运 P 型 ATP 酶在 Na+ 稳态中发挥重要作用，在动物细胞中称为 Na+/K+-ATPase，其中 K+ 作为钠交换的反离子。植物中未发现 Na+/K+-ATPase。在植物和真菌中，质子梯度由质子膜 H+-ATPase 维持，而在动物细胞中，Na+ 和 K+ 梯度由 Na+/K+-ATPase 维持。然而，在藻类的情况下，有一些关于 Na+/K+-ATPase 的报告，它在细胞质中保持最佳浓度梯度，并被 Na+/H+ 逆向转运蛋白用来交换 Na+ 和 H+ 离子。由于跨膜离子梯度而产生的膜电位是各种细胞过程的基础。与海洋细菌/蓝细菌和动物相比，藻类中几乎没有报道过活跃的 Na+ 依赖性循环（P 型 ATP 酶）。海藻中这些转运蛋白基因编码膜转运的特征将有助于了解这些生物体的非生物胁迫耐受性。这篇综述重点介绍了藻类以及动物型 Na+-ATPase 的详细情况，即发生、特性、意义及其最近的进展。与海洋细菌/蓝细菌和动物相比，藻类中几乎没有报道过活跃的 Na+ 依赖性循环（P 型 ATP 酶）。海藻中这些转运蛋白基因编码膜转运的特征将有助于了解这些生物体的非生物胁迫耐受性。这篇综述重点介绍了藻类以及动物型 Na+-ATPase 的详细情况，即发生、特性、意义及其最近的进展。与海洋细菌/蓝细菌和动物相比，藻类中几乎没有报道过活跃的 Na+ 依赖性循环（P 型 ATP 酶）。海藻中这些转运蛋白基因编码膜转运的特征将有助于了解这些生物体的非生物胁迫耐受性。这篇综述重点介绍了藻类以及动物型 Na+-ATPase 的详细情况，即发生、特性、意义及其最近的进展。