Biological fouling is undesirable accumulation of various organisms on submerged artificial surfaces. Combating biological fouling on watercrafts and immersed infrastructures is an eternal pursuit since ancient times. Traditionally, toxins, such as arsenic, mercury and tributyltin, were used as antifoulants on ship hulls but they are very harmful to both human and environment. Therefore, worldwide ban on these toxins has been implemented and other toxins with relatively lower environmental impact were used in antifouling coatings along with copper compounds. Unfortunately, these materials still pose a threat to various marine organisms. To completely eliminate this threat, coatings with complete absence of toxic materials have been developed. Nevertheless, these coatings have their own deficiencies, for instance, foul release coatings cannot protect stationary objects. In the past decade, many articles reported that titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) opens up new possibilities for antifouling materials. This article reports the current development of TiO 2 containing materials for antifouling applications.

中文翻译：

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水产防污应用二氧化钛材料的最新进展

生物污垢是各种生物在水下人工表面上的不希望的积累。对抗船舶和浸入式基础设施的生物污垢是自古以来永恒的追求。传统上，砷、汞和三丁基锡等毒素被用作船体的防污剂，但它们对人类和环境都非常有害。因此，世界范围内已经实施了对这些毒素的禁令，并且其他对环境影响相对较低的毒素与铜化合物一起用于防污涂料。不幸的是，这些材料仍然对各种海洋生物构成威胁。为了完全消除这种威胁，已经开发出完全不含有毒材料的涂层。然而，这些涂层有其自身的不足，例如，防污涂层不能保护静止物体。在过去的十年中，许多文章报道二氧化钛 (TiO 2 ) 为防污材料开辟了新的可能性。本文报告了用于防污应用的含 TiO 2 材料的当前发展。