Distributed generation and demand-side participation have been widely deployed for secure, reliable and economic power distribution networks. Microgrids have been merged in power systems to meet this increase in distributed generation and to provide more control on the massive demand expansion. This paper presents an optimization model for scheduling and operating a microgrid considering the participation of the end-user customers in the electricity market. Mixed-integer programming is used in the proposed model to procure the minimum operation cost of the microgrid and to apply load shedding (LS) optimization on the local responsive loads. The objective function is described by piecewise linear functions. The proposed model allows the implementation of high number of constraints related to generation units, power exchange with the main grid, energy balance and LS. The operation decisions are based on binary variables that represent the status of the generation units, grid-connection and the responsive loads. Furthermore, the proposed model demonstrates the relationship between pick-up/drop-off rates of the responsive loads and the hourly operation cost of the microgrid. Example studies have illustrated the performance of the optimization model in finding the minimum operation cost with multiple technical and economic constraints.

中文翻译：

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微电网经济运行成本的减载优化

分布式发电和需求侧参与已广泛应用于安全、可靠和经济的配电网络。微电网已合并到电力系统中，以满足分布式发电的这种增长，并为大规模需求扩张提供更多控制。本文提出了一种考虑终端用户参与电力市场的微电网调度和运行优化模型。在所提出的模型中使用混合整数编程来获得微电网的最低运行成本，并对局部响应负载应用减载 (LS) 优化。目标函数由分段线性函数描述。所提出的模型允许实施与发电机组、与主电网的电力交换、能量平衡和 LS。运行决策基于代表发电机组、电网连接和响应负载状态的二进制变量。此外，所提出的模型证明了响应负载的上电/下电率与微电网每小时运行成本之间的关系。示例研究说明了优化模型在寻找具有多个技术和经济约束的最小运营成本方面的性能。