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Mechanisms of Regulation and Diverse Activities of Tau-Tubulin Kinase (TTBK) Isoforms.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00875-6
Channa Bao 1 , Bekim Bajrami 1 , Douglas J Marcotte 1 , Jayanth V Chodaparambil 1 , Hannah M Kerns 1 , Jaclyn Henderson 1 , Ru Wei 1 , Benbo Gao 1 , Gregory M Dillon 1
Affiliation  

Tau-tubulin kinase 1 (TTBK1) is a CNS-specific, kinase that has been implicated in the pathological phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). TTBK1 is a challenging therapeutic target because it shares a highly conserved catalytic domain with its homolog, TTBK2, a ubiquitously expressed kinase genetically linked to the disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 11. The present study attempts to elucidate the functional distinctions between the TTBK isoforms and increase our understanding of them as distinct targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. We demonstrate that in cortical neurons, TTBK1, not TTBK2, is the isoform responsible for tau phosphorylation at epitopes enriched in tauopathies such as Serine 422. In addition, although our elucidation of the crystal structure of the TTBK2 kinase domain indicates almost identical structural similarity with TTBK1, biochemical and cellular assays demonstrate that the enzymatic activity of these two proteins is regulated by a combination of unique extra-catalytic sequences and autophosphorylation events. Finally, we have identified an unbiased list of neuronal interactors and phosphorylation substrates for TTBK1 and TTBK2 that highlight the unique cellular pathways and functional networks that each isoform is involved in. This data address an important gap in knowledge regarding the implications of targeting TTBK kinases and may prove valuable in the development of potential therapies for disease.

中文翻译:

Tau-微管蛋白激酶 (TTBK) 同种型的调节机制和多种活性。

Tau-微管蛋白激酶 1 (TTBK1) 是一种 CNS 特异性激酶,与阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和额颞痴呆 (FTD) 中 tau 的病理性磷酸化有关。TTBK1 是一个具有挑战性的治疗靶点,因为它与其同源物 TTBK2 共享一个高度保守的催化域,TTBK2 是一种普遍表达的激酶,与 11 型脊髓小脑共济失调疾病遗传相关。本研究试图阐明 TTBK 同种型之间的功能区别并增加我们的研究将它们理解为治疗神经退行性疾病的独特靶点。我们证明,在皮层神经元中,TTBK1,而不是 TTBK2,是负责在富含丝氨酸 422 等 taupathies 的表位上的 tau 磷酸化的同种型。此外,尽管我们对 TTBK2 激酶结构域晶体结构的阐明表明与 TTBK1 几乎相同的结构相似性,但生化和细胞测定表明这两种蛋白质的酶活性受独特的催化外序列和自磷酸化事件的组合调节。最后,我们确定了 TTBK1 和 TTBK2 的神经元相互作用物和磷酸化底物的无偏见列表,突出了每个同种型所涉及的独特细胞通路和功能网络。这些数据解决了关于靶向 TTBK 激酶和可能证明在开发潜在的疾病疗法方面很有价值。生化和细胞分析表明,这两种蛋白质的酶活性受独特的催化外序列和自磷酸化事件的组合调节。最后,我们确定了 TTBK1 和 TTBK2 的神经元相互作用物和磷酸化底物的无偏见列表,突出了每个同种型所涉及的独特细胞通路和功能网络。这些数据解决了关于靶向 TTBK 激酶和可能证明在开发潜在的疾病疗法方面很有价值。生化和细胞分析表明,这两种蛋白质的酶活性受独特的催化外序列和自磷酸化事件的组合调节。最后,我们确定了 TTBK1 和 TTBK2 的神经元相互作用物和磷酸化底物的无偏见列表,突出了每个同种型所涉及的独特细胞通路和功能网络。这些数据解决了关于靶向 TTBK 激酶和可能证明在开发潜在的疾病疗法方面很有价值。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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