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Proteins from femoral gland secretions of male rock lizards Iberolacerta cyreni allow self—but not individual—recognition of unfamiliar males
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02847-8
Marco Mangiacotti , José Martín , Pilar López , Claudio V. Reyes-Olivares , Gonzalo Rodríguez-Ruiz , Alan J. Coladonato , Stefano Scali , Marco A. L. Zuffi , Roberto Sacchi

Individual recognition (IR) plays an important role in modulating social interactions of several animal species. IR may work at two fundamental levels: at class-level (CIR), if it allows group membership identification (e.g. familiar/unfamiliar), or at individual-level (true IR; TIR), if it allows uniquely recognizing conspecifics. Direct and indirect evidences suggest that many lizards are able to recognize conspecifics, notably using the secretions from femoral glands, specialized epidermal structures located in the cloacal region. Such secretions are made of a mix of lipids and proteins, the latter having been poorly studied but hypothesised to convey identity-related information. Using male Iberian Rock lizards, we set up bioassays to test the role of the protein fraction in IR, and specifically whether lizards: (1) can detect proteins from femoral glands, (2) can recognize their own proteins from those of an unfamiliar male (CIR) and (3) can distinguish between two unfamiliar protein signals (TIR). We found that femoral proteins can be actually detected, and the protein signal was enough to allow self-recognition, but not to distinguish between two unfamiliar males. These outcomes support the hypothesis that proteins from lizard femoral glands are used in intraspecific communication, at least at CIR level. The lack of TIR detection has three possible explanations: (1) finer IR abilities are actually absent in this species; (2) TIR requires a more complex and complete chemical signal or (3) a more prolonged and complete set of previous interactions among individuals is needed to lead to familiarity and TIR. The ability to individually distinguish conspecifics is at the basis of many social behaviours. While the sensorial channel through which individual recognition is achieved may vary, the structure of the signal is usually complex and it could be expected different components to play different roles, so which part of the signal is actually responsible for individual recognition? Lizards use the secretion of specialized epidermal glands for intraspecific chemical communication, including individual recognition. Being a mixture of lipids and proteins, we wondered if it was the protein fraction of the secretion (i.e. the heritable part) which conveys identity. Using male Iberian Rock lizards, we showed that proteins allow for self but not for true individual recognition, suggesting that a partial signature may be not enough.

中文翻译:

来自雄性岩蜥的股腺分泌物的蛋白质 Iberolacerta cyreni 允许对不熟悉的雄性进行自我识别,但不能单独识别

个体识别 (IR) 在调节几种动物物种的社会互动中起着重要作用。IR 可以在两个基本级别上工作:在类级别 (CIR),如果它允许组成员身份识别(例如熟悉/不熟悉),或在个人级别(真正的 IR;TIR),如果它允许唯一识别同种。直接和间接证据表明,许多蜥蜴能够识别同种蜥蜴,特别是使用股腺分泌物,位于泄殖腔区域的特殊表皮结构。这种分泌物是由脂质和蛋白质的混合物组成的,后者的研究很少,但假设可以传达与身份相关的信息。我们使用雄性伊比利亚岩蜥蜴进行生物测定以测试蛋白质组分在 IR 中的作用,特别是蜥蜴是否:(1) 可以检测来自股腺的蛋白质,(2) 可以从陌生男性 (CIR) 的蛋白质中识别自己的蛋白质,以及 (3) 可以区分两种陌生的蛋白质信号 (TIR)。我们发现实际上可以检测到股骨蛋白质,蛋白质信号足以允许自我识别,但不能区分两个不熟悉的男性。这些结果支持来自蜥蜴股腺的蛋白质用于种内通信的假设,至少在 CIR 水平。缺乏 TIR 检测有三种可能的解释:(1) 该物种实际上不具备更精细的 IR 能力;(2) TIR 需要更复杂和更完整的化学信号,或 (3) 需要更长时间和更完整的个人之间的先前交互集才能导致熟悉和 TIR。单独区分同种的能力是许多社会行为的基础。虽然实现个体识别的感觉通道可能会有所不同,但信号的结构通常很复杂,可以预期不同的成分扮演不同的角色,那么信号的哪一部分实际上负责个体识别?蜥蜴利用特殊表皮腺的分泌进行种内化学交流,包括个体识别。作为脂质和蛋白质的混合物,我们想知道是否是分泌物的蛋白质部分(即可遗传部分)传达了身份。使用雄性伊比利亚岩蜥蜴,我们表明蛋白质允许自我识别但不允许真正的个体识别,这表明部分签名可能还不够。
更新日期:2020-05-18
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